Національно-демократичне середовище міжвоєнної української еміграції в країнах Південно-Східної Європи

Abstract

Охарактеризовано національно-демократичне середовище української політичної еміграції у трьох балканських країнах - Болгарії, Румунії та Югославії. Визначено основні структурні одиниці емігрантського уенерівського руху в цьому регіоні Європи - українські громади та комітети. Проаналізовано діяльність громадсько-політичних і наукових інституцій, через які прихильники Державного Центру УНР діяли в емігрантському середовищі - Братство української державності, Закордонне бюро Української радикально-демократичної партії, Український республікансько- демократичний клуб, Українська головна еміграційна рада, Український науковий інститут у Варшаві. Розглянуто взаємовідносини національно- демократичного середовища української еміграції з державними інституціями Польщі та країн-реципієнтів регіону.

Охарактеризована национально-демократическая среда украинской политической эмиграции в трех балканских странах - Болгарии, Румынии и Югославии. Определены основные структурные единицы эмигрантского движения сторонников УНР в этом регионе Европы - украинские громады и комитеты. Проанализирована деятельность общественно-политических и научных институтов, через которые сторонники Государственного Центра УНР действовали в эмигрантской среде - Братство украинской государственности, Зарубежное бюро Украинской радикально-демократической партии, Украинский республиканско- демократический клуб, Украинская главная эмиграционная рада, Украинский научный институт в Варшаве. Рассмотрены взаимоотношения национально- демократической среды украинской эмиграции с государственными институтами Польши и стран-реципиентов региона.

In three Balkan countries, Bulgaria, Romania and Yugoslavia, in the period between State Center of Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was the most influential and numerous among Ukrainian political emigration. His representative in Romania was Professor K. Matsievich, the head of the extraordinary diplomatic mission of the UNR, Branch of the Ukrainian Society (supporters of the League of Nations and the Public Assisting Committee in this country). In 1939, V. Trepke, Deputy Chief of Public and Assisting Committee, became the member of the Government of the UNR in emigration. Representatives of the Government of the UNR in Bulgaria were M. Parashchuk and Ya. Malinovsky, representatives of the Minister of Military Affairs of the UNR (in exile) in Romania - Colonel H. Porokhivsky, in the Balkans (Bulgaria, Yugoslavia) and in Turkey - Lieutenant V. Fylonovych. Poland provided the financial support to the Government of the UNR in exile, its representatives and public organizations of emigration in recipient countries. The majority of members of the Government of the UNR at the time of emigration and before World War II were members of the Ukrainian Radical and Democratic Party (URDP) that has managed to build its network in Austria, Poland and Czechoslovakia in the interwar period. In Romania, it was represented first by K. Matsievich, and then by D. Levitsky. K. Matsievich was a member by the Central Committee, and in the 1930s he headed the Foreign Office. The periodical press of the party published articles of K. Matsievich about emigration in Romania. Offices of URDP did not exist in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. USDP carried out its public political work through the Ukrainian Republican Democratic Club in Prague. It brought together representatives of different political environments, but most members were the radical democrats. In 1928-1931, K. Matsievich was the Chairman of the council, after 1931 - Deputy Chairman. In addition to social, political, cultural and educational actions of emigration, the Club was engaged in the employment of its members, graduates of Ukrainian high schools and immigrants, including in Romania. K. Matsievich led Labour Bureau that was specially created for this purpose. In exile, the government of the UNR was under the control of the Secret Brotherhood of Ukrainian Statehood. In Ukraine, it was headed by Academician S. Yefremov, in exile - Professor B. Ivanitsky. The Brotherhood had an organizational structure. In the mid-1930s, its local branches-communities opened in Warsaw, Bucharest, Kalisz, Lviv, Paris, Prague and Podebrady. The Brotherhood included more than 100 people, including Chairman of the Directory, all members of the UNR Government, representatives of the top military commanders of former UNR Army and prominent figures of the UNR emigration, I. Gavrilyuk, D. Herodot (Ivashina), K. Matsievich and V. Trepke (Romania). Representatives of the national democratic environment of Ukrainian emigration in South-Eastern Europe participated in conferences of the Ukrainian Chief Emigration Council in 1929, 1932 and 1934 in Prague. D. Herodot, K. Matsievich and V. Fylonovych were members of the administrative board. The leader of Ukrainian political emigration in Romania K. Matsievich collaborated with Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Warsaw (UNI-W), which supported and substantiated the ideas of the UNR. In 1930-1931, he led the economic seminar of the Institute. At the meetings, he delivered reports and published scientific works about Ukrainian emigration in Romania. In 1930 and 1931, V. Trepke made two expeditions, with the material support UNI-W, to determine where Ivan Mazepa stayed in Romania. The most active and united adherents of the idea of the UNR were in Romania, where the Public and Assisting Committee united representatives of different political camps. In Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, its supporters headed a number of public organizations, but internal disputes gradually led to the loss of influence in the emigre environment.