Екологічна модернізація системи управління поводження з твердими побутовими відходами в Україні на основі досвіду ЄС та Норвегії

Abstract

У статті досліджено шляхи екологічної модернізації системи управління в сфері поводження з твердими побутовими відходами (ТПВ). В рамках дослідження проведено аналіз та узагальнення теоретичних підходів до екологічної модернізації у сфері управління поводження з ТПВ, досліджено організацію діяльності поводження з ТПВ на прикладі України та Норвегії, визначено напрями підвищення ефективності використання ТПВ, а також виявлена можливість застосування міжнародного досвіду при вирішенні проблем поводження з ТБО в Україні.

В статье исследованы пути экологической модернизации системы управления в сфере обращения с твердыми бытовыми отходами (ТБО). В рамках исследования проведен анализ и обобщение теоретических подходов к организации деятельности и управления ТБО, исследованы организация деятельности обращения с ТБО на примере Украины и Норвегии, определены направления экологической модернизации использования ТБО, а также выявлена возможность применения международного опыта при решении проблем обращения с ТБО в Украине.

The aim of the article. The aim of the article is to study ways of ecological modernization of solid waste management system (SWM) based on the experience of Norway and EU adapted for use in Ukraine. The results of the analysis. The study is advisable formulated the following conclusions: Ukraine almost created a basic level of legal security in the field of solid waste management, but it needs modernization. Existing national legislation does not fully meet EU legislation in the field of solid waste management. Analysis of regulations shows that the timing of the match AC field of solid waste, part – has a different interpretation, and some – no question. Therefore, there is a need for modernization of Ukrainian environmental of the regarding waste management. However, the use of the whole of the EU towards Ukraine does not seem realistic and necessary. It was determined that within the ecological modernization should be used the following principles of waste management of the EU: prevention of waste; recycling and reuse (if waste generation that cannot be prevented, should be used as much recycled materials, mainly through recycling); improving technology and monitoring of final disposal (waste that cannot be reused or recycled, should be incinerated, disposal in landfills should be used as a last possible alternatives). A graphical comparison of systems SWM Ukraine and Norway revealed priority areas of improving management of solid waste treatment in Ukraine. To do this: recognition of the most inefficient disposal technology of solid waste and the transition to a modern highly efficient methods of recycling and disposal; attracting of investments into the implementation and effective operation of the system of separate collection, sorting and processing of individual components of solid waste; bring its legislation with European standards in terms of transparent management of solid waste; introduction of separate collection and sorting of solid waste in order to maximize the use and exclusion irrevocable loss of their components during disposal, preventing flow into the environment of hazardous waste, reduction of land area needed for placement of solid waste; introduction of modern technologies of efficient energy recycling or composting of solid waste from the production of modern equipment with the assistance of international experience and local development and establishment of a domestic industry producing equipment for the treatment of solid waste; bringing to the public on the handling of waste, improving its environmental awareness. Conclusions and directions of further researches. The analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to evaluating of solid waste system and improving the efficiency of its management was hold. On the basis of the analysis to the study of solid waste treatment system management processes it was identified the main causes of the problem of low level of the scope of management efficiency solid waste management in Ukraine and the necessity of increasing this efficiency. The basic indicators and components that can form the basis for effective solid waste management system was combined. The basic directions of reforming the system of handling of solid waste in Ukraine basing on the experience of Norway were suggested. Directions of enhancing the efficiency of solid waste management, both in Ukraine and in Norway were recommended. Prospects for further studies are new formulation of the scientific and methodological approaches to the development of ecological modernization methods of solid waste management systems at the local and regional levels.