Використання в економіці і фінансах показників, що вимірюються витратами праці

Abstract

У статті розглядається використання показника праці в теоріях і економічних моделях, в яких використовувалися або не використовувалися показники витрат праці. У статті також розглядається взаємозв'язок теоретичних концепцій, в яких застосовуються показники витрат праці. Підставою порівняння виступає поділ економічних вчень на класичний і неокласичний теоретичні напрямки, що склалися за останні двісті років.

В статье рассматриваются использование индекса затрат труда в теориях и экономических моделях, в которых использовались или не использовались показатели затрат труда. В статье также рассматривается взаимосвязь теоретических концепций, в которых применяются показатели затрат труда. Основанием сравнения выступает разделение экономических учений на классическое и неоклассическое теоретические направления, сложившееся за последние двести лет.

The article deals the use of index of labor input in the theories and economic models, which was used or not was used indicators of labor input. The article deals the correlation of theoretical concepts, where is the use the indicator labor input too. The basis of comparison is the separation of economic thought in the classical and neo-classical theoretical trends that had developed over the past two hundred years. The development of the classical theory always came across the problem of quantification of the value of goods in economic processes, such as a labor input index, measured by the number of expended human labor. Economists looked for other, different from labor input indicators that would characterize economic processes. Along with the classical theory began to be born different theoretical direction, which began to call models neoclassical theory. Neoclassical theory in its given birth and early development refused to be based on human labor as the only source of this measurement value and this it was distinguish themselves from the classical trend in the economy, and more specifically from classical political economy. But it turns out that neoclassical theory not rejected the indicator of labor input, the indicator of labor input is actively used in classical sense, such as it is defined in the classical political economy, namely, in such definition, work is a contribution to the process of production, made by people in the form of direct spending mental and physical effort. A neoclassical theory continues active to use and to apply this indicator of labor input. And into classical political economy and into neoclassical theory are using the indicator of labor input constantly. In the theory of classical economics and in the neoclassical theoretical concepts, particularly in the Economics and in Keynesian and neo-Keynesian models, there is an indicator of labor input. Neither in theory not in practice there was no rejection of the use of this indicator in most economic theories, but where it was ignored, did the theoretical models not work in practice. Until today the vast majority of formal economic models that do not belong to theoretical concepts of classical political economy the indicator of labor input used in the past and use now too.