Застосування в економіці та фінансах показників, що вимірюються витратами праці

Abstract

У статті розглядаються економічні та фінансові моделі економічного розвитку, в яких використовується показник витрат праці. Звертається увага на методологічну невизначеність та практичну "вільність" щодо застосування показника витрат праці. Пропонується доречність застосування показника праці, що вимірюється годинами вартості.

В статье рассматриваются экономические и финансовые модели экономического развития, в которых используется показатель затрат труда. Обращается внимание на методологическую неопределенность и практическую "вольготность" относительно применения показателя затрат труда. Предлагается уместность применения показателя затрат труда, измеряемого часами стоимости.

The article considers economic and financial models of economic development, in which the indicator of labor is used. In these models, attention is drawn to the practice of using such an indicator of labor. In particular, the article mentions Cobb-Douglas production function, Jan Tinbergen’s production function taking into account time factor, Harrod-Domar model, Leontief’s model, Solow growth model, Romer’s AK model, Arrow-Romer model (Learning-by-doing) and many others. In general, the labor indicator is directly present in most of the models of economic growth and is indirectly taken into account in all modern economic and financial models. The immediacy (the directness) is due to the fact that economic growth is a process that is born at the stage of production and then becomes stable in other stages of economic development. The indirectness is due to the fact that an important indicator of economic growth is the indicator of productivity, that is, the ratio of output to the cost of living labor, carried out in the process of production of goods and services. The article draws attention to the methodological uncertainty and practical "freedom" with regard to the use of the labor input indicator. The authors of the article have identified five variants of determining the indicator of labor, differing from each other. In the neoclassical theoretical areas, a situation has arisen in which, in many theoretical models and functions, the labor index exists as a factor, and its measurement in each particular case is rather free. More specifically, we consider that the use in the economic models of the neoclassical economy with the indicators of value measured by labor as the basis is a further promising development of economic science. Therefore, we declare and substantiate about the necessity of using value indicators measured by labor input in economic models. In conclusion, in economic practice, it is proposed to use the labor cost index measured by the time value. And this is an indicator of labor input.