Проблеми та перспективи розвитку нанотехнологій в Україні та світі

Abstract

У статті аналізується мультидисциплінарність нанотехнологій та особливості розвитку і трансферу нанотехнологій в Україні та світі. Розглянуто розподіл основних галузей, в яких випускається нанотехнологічна продукція у світі, та зображено попит нанотехнологічної продукції на ринку у 2016 році. Наведено державні програми України, спрямовані на підтримку розвитку нанотехнологій в країні, та виділено низку технологій, що вже набули практичного застосування, а також окреслено перспективність нанотехнологій та основні проблеми напрямку, які потрібно вирішити у найближчому майбутньому.

В статье анализируется мультидисциплинарность нанотехнологий и особенности развития и трансфера нанотехнологий в Украине и мире. Определены основные отрасли, в которых выпускается нанотехнологическая продукция, а также спрос на нанотехнологическую продукцию в мире в 2016 году. Приведены государственные программы Украины, направленные на поддержку развития нанотехнологий в стране, и представлен ряд технологий, уже практически применяемых, а также обозначены перспективность нанотехнологий и основные проблемы направления, которые нужно решить в ближайшем будущем.

The aim of the article. The article deals with the multidisciplinarity and problems of nanotechnology in Ukraine and the world, as well as applications of nanotechnology in various domains of sciences and engineering. The results of the analysis. Special emphasis was placed on the peculiarities of transfer of nanotechnology. Given the breadth of potential applications, nanotechnology already has become a research priority for many countries which results in increased financial support for this area. In Ukraine in the last years universities and institute of NAS of Ukraine make basic scientific programs of nanoscale phenomena and in 2009 owing to initiative of scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine the state goal oriented scientific and technical program «Nanotechnology and nanomaterials» for 2010-2014 was launched. The program led to a lot of successful developments and unique technologies, especially in the field of nanocomposites. However, in comparison with countries with average level of development volumes of nanotechnology research and development, its introduction into production is rather low. Due to this fact the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine created and adopted Resolution of the Presidium of NAS of Ukraine from 07.02.2015 of the «Concept of the target-oriented complex program of fundamental research of NAS of Ukraine «Fundamental issues of new nanomaterials creation» for 2015-2019». Analysis of the activities of the research institutions engaged in nanotechnological R&D shows that the greatest potential in Ukraine is possessed by nanophysics, nanobiotechnologies, nanochemistry and development of various nanomaterials. This program gives opportunities to continue research started in 2010 and create new nanotechnologies and its integration into world research and resolution with its help of significant economic, social and environmental problems in Ukraine. While in the field of transfer of nanotechnology significant steps have been made, but even now there are many problems that still hamper the successful development of this sector. Conclusions and directions of further researches. Thus, nanotechnology can be definitely regarded as one of the most promising areas of technological development for decades to come. One of the main benefits of nanotechnology is its multidisciplinarity that provides products of nanotechnology with wide scope for their application. As a result, almost all countries around the world begin to increase investments in this area, more and more partnerships between research institutions and commercial companies are concluded. The development of this industry also owes much to the field of nanotechnology transfer activities which actively aims to address the difficulties that arise in the commercialization of scientific developments and accelerate the pace of the transfer of nanotechnology. But at the moment in this area there are still many outstanding issues and between the academic and commercial spheres there are contradictions in the vision of the process of transfer of nanotechnology and its main priorities and its pace is still quite slow.