Становление нового цифрового мира и проблемы менеджмента кибер-рисков

Abstract

В статье проведен анализ глобальных рисков, влияющих на все сферы жизни человечества. Охарактеризованы экономические риски, усложняющие ведение бизнеса в мире в целом и в Украине в частности. Проанализировано состояние и развитие цифрового мира современности: выделены положительные эффекты и проблемы информатизации общества. Изложены основные проблемные вопросы кибер-рисков и разработаны рекомендации по управлению ними на микро- и макроуровнях.

У статті проведено аналіз глобальних ризиків, що впливають на всі сфери життя людства. Охарактеризовані економічні ризики, які ускладнюють ведення бізнесу в світі в цілому і в Україні зокрема. Проаналізовано стан і розвиток цифрового світу сучасності: виділені позитивні ефекти і проблеми інформатизації суспільства. Викладено основні проблемні питання кібер-ризиків і надані рекомендації по управлінню ними на мікро- і макрорівнях.

The aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the challenges and targets of economic entities in the new digital world in order to develop recommendations for the management of one of the most dangerous economic risk - IT-risk. The results of the analysis. This paper analyzes the state and development of the digital world of today. It is shown that this stage of human development is characterized by the global information and communication revolution, analogues of which the world has never known. The spread of information and communication technologies (ICT) causes a transition to an innovative model of economic development and new forms of business organization that are based on the management of information and knowledge. The growth of non-material production is becoming a key element of the digital economy and, ICTs are becoming the driving force behind the development of today’s society. The article dissects the dynamics of the ICT contribution to GDP growth in the developed and developing countries. The results of the analysis showed that in the developed countries the contribution of ICT to the GDP growth declined in recent years, while in developing countries it increased. At the same time, annual growth rate of GDP in the developing countries was significantly higher than in developed countries, especially in the post-crisis years. The analysis led to the conclusion that the digital technologies qualitatively help enterprises to improve operational efficiency, reduce the cost of social and economic transactions and significantly contribute to innovation. They increase the efficiency of companies, transforming the existing types of activities into fast, comfortable and cheap ones. However, there is a downside to the dividends of the new digital world, which shows an increase in the number of emerging risks. The paper analyzes the most important risk factors in the world as a whole, and in its individual regions. It has been shown that the most dangerous risks of doing business at this stage are the IT-risks and cyber-risks, which cause considerable damage to the global economy. The following trends of IT-risks are substantiated: - The growth in the total number of adverse events and their hardening; - The increase in the number of targeted attacks, cases of intellectual property theft and cyber-extortion, the increase in the number of bank fishing situations; - The further spread of risks beyond the financial market; - The increase in the vulnerability of control systems of enterprises; - The tightening of legislation at the global level; - The increase in awareness of the need for insurance of IT-risks and the growth of insurance volumes. Conducted analysis showed that the protection of information, and, hence, the cyber risk management, should be a priority for businesses and other entities. The article deals with the problems and challenges of cyber-risk management at both the macro and the micro levels. Risk management at the macro level should include the development of national information security policies and monitoring the policy of other countries regarding all networks and systems. Risk management at the micro level should include a system of measures, among which the insurance of cyber risks is gaining the greatest popularity. Conclusions and directions of further research. The development of information and communication technologies in addition to the positive effect also bears a negative effect, which manifests itself into the rapid growth of cyber-risks causing significant damage as to separate business entities, and to the world economy as a whole. One way to speed up the spread of digital dividends today is a competent risk management in the IT-sphere, which requires further research, particularly in the insurance industry.