Характер нових запозичень в англійській мові (на матеріалі Оксфордського словника)

Abstract

Робота присвячена аналізу нових лексичних запозичень, що з’явилися в сучасній англійській мові в останні десятиліття ХХ століття та на початку ХХІ сторіччя. Вибір зазначених параметрів зумовлений позамовними чинниками, такими, як поширення інтернету, глобалізація економіки, зближення культур, що стали потужним каталізатором активізації мовних процесів, до яких належать і запозичення. Автори досліджують джерела запозичень і їхні подальші перспективи в межах формування словника англійської мови.

Данная работа посвящена анализу новых лексических заимствований, появившихся в современном английском языке в последние десятилетия ХХ века и в начале XXI века. Выбор указанных параметров обусловлен внеязыковыми факторами, такими, как распространение интернета, глобализация экономики, сближение культур, которые стали мощным катализатором активизации языковых процессов, в частности и заимствований. Авторы исследуют источники заимствований и их дальнейшие перспективы в рамках формирования словаря английского языка.

This article deals with the problem of language contacts. It focuses on the development of borrowings with the main attention paid to contemporary English. This work is devoted to the analysis of new lexical borrowings that appeared in modern English in the last decades of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. The choice of these parameters is due to extralinguistic factors, such as the spread of the Internet, the globalization of the economy, the rapprochement of cultures, which have become a powerful catalyst for activating linguistic processes, in particular that of borrowing. The purpose of the article is to review systematically the latest borrowings in the English literary language in the context of their entry into the Oxford Dictionary, to track the sources of borrowing. The theoretical background is completed by empirical studies, the aim of which is to show the characteristic features of lexical transfer on actual linguistic material. The authors propose substantiation of the sources of borrowing and their further prospects in the formation of the English vocabulary. This article characterizes Japanese, Indian and Philippine loanwords, shows their semantic fields and lexical categories as well as a description of findings in a number of examples from different spheres. It presents the etymology of several words and surveys the status of loan words in the English lexicon, as well as the current situation in the process of borrowing from different languages. From a semantic point of view, the main groups of borrowings in English are connected to its global role: these words typically describe other cultures, namely those with which English enters into contact situations. The authors research the question concerning the role of English as a lingua franca in modern lexical borrowing by investigating how it borrows and lends elements at an international level. The authors come to the conclusion that although English is taking over the words with a worldwide scale, the whole number of foreign words newly borrowed into English is decreasing over the years. The biggest reason for this is that it itself has become the world language of science, business, research, and many other areas, making it a powerful source for borrowing.