Особливості розвитку ринків в 21 сторіччі: тенденції світу та України

Abstract

У статті досліджено тенденції у розвитку ринків товарів, послуг світу та України. Охарактеризовано ключові параметри основних ринків товарів та послуг. Визначено, що сфера послуг формує ВВП розвинених країн, проте основою як сфери послуг, так і інших галузей, виступають здобутки у технологіях, промисловості на основі стабільної інституціональної системи. Сформовано перспективи функціонування ринків товарів та послуг в Україні.

The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the development of markets in the world and Ukraine in the 21st century. Objectives of the study: analysis of trends in world markets for goods and services; characteristic of the development of markets in Ukraine; formation of prospects for functioning of the markets of goods and services in Ukraine. Markets of goods and services in Ukraine are developing with an orientation towards external demand (agriculture and food industry, machine building, pulp and paper production, chemical industry) and domestic (clothing, food industry). That is, the demand for investment capital goods in Ukraine is insignificant, accordingly, the producers are not focused on the needs of the Ukrainian economy. Despite the growing non-materialization of production and consumption, the fourth and fifth technological developments (machine building, electronics, metallurgy, agriculture) are the basis for the formation of the GDP of developed countries. ICT transform production processes in the above-mentioned spheres, but the nonmaterialization of production processes can only be considered partial. The trend of development of the world economy is the intensive development of agriculture and food production. The increase in life expectancy has led to a strong growth of the pharmaceutical sector in the world. Accordingly, Ukrainian producers react flexibly to the needs of the world market and formulate a supply of goods and services to the world market. However, the process of creating chains of end products of different industries needs to be intensified. Prospects for the functioning of the markets for goods and services in Ukraine are: сreation, development of existing processing enterprises of agricultural products, which will enable to create chains of added value; development of mechanical engineering in the section of electronics, UAVs; formation of the sphere of information services on the basis of interaction of educational centers with industrial; creation of a competitive pharmaceutical product.