Структурні зміни фундального відділу шлунка за умов зневоднення організму (анатомо-експериментальне дослідження)

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена вивченню морфологічних змін структур фундального відділу шлунка на макро-, мікро- та ультраструктурному рівнях за умов дії загального, клітинного і позаклітинного зневоднення різних ступенів тяжкості, а також можливості корекції їх структурних змін, спричинених впливом дегідратації, етилметилгідроксипіридину сукцинатом. Найбільше зменшення товщини стінки шлунка – на 30,06 % (р < 0,000 1), слизової оболонки – на 14,96 % (р = 0,009 7), м'язової оболонки – на 41,71 % (р = 0,000 2), серозної оболонки – на 37,31 % (р < 0,000 1) щодо контролю спостерігали за умов тяжкого ступеня загального зневоднення організму. Виявили, що застосування етилметилгідроксипіридину сукцинату ефективне для підтримання життєдіяльності структур фундального відділу стінки шлунка в умовах зневоднення організму в різному ступені залежно від виду дегідратації.

Диссертация посвящена изучению морфологических изменений структур фундального отдела желудка на макро-, микро- и ультраструктурном уровнях в условиях воздействия общего, клеточного и внеклеточного обезвоживания разных степеней тяжести, а также возможности коррекции их структурных изменений, вызванных влиянием дегидратации, этилметилгидроксипиридина сукцинатом. Наиболее значительное изменение толщины стенки желудка – на 30,06% (р < 0,0001), слизистой оболочки - на 14,96 % (р = 0,0097), мышечной оболочки – на 41,71 % (р = 0,0002), серозной оболочки – на 37,31 % (р < 0,0001) относительно контроля наблюдали в условиях тяжелой степени общего обезвоживания организма. Выявлено, что применение этилметилгидроксипиридина сукцината имеет эффективность для поддержания жизнедеятельности структур фундального отдела стенки желудка в условиях обезвоживания организма в разной степени в зависимости от вида дегидратации.

The dissertation is devoted to studying the changes of structures of the stomach fundus division at the macro-, micro- and ultrastructural levels under conditions of different types and degrees of dehydration of the organism of laboratory rats and the possibility of correction of the structural changes of the stomach tissues using ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate. All animals were divided into 1 control and 4 experimental series. The first (control) series was on the normal drinking and food diet within the limits of physiological needs. The second experimental series of animals was subjected to the action of the general dehydration, the third – intracellular, the fourth – extracellular dehydration of different degrees of severity. The fifth series consisted of animals that simultaneously received ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate throughout the experiment of dehydration. It has been found that in all types of dehydration there was a massive desquamation of superficial mucocytes, thickening of the rat’s gastric wall layers, change of the size of cells and increase of structural changes in the gastric gland cells of the stomach fundus division in accordance with the degree of gravity of dehydration. Such changes under conditions of general dehydration were accompanied by gradual increase of total cellular cytolysis of the main parts of the gastric glands. Under conditions of intracellular dehydration along with the described changes there was an increasing of edema in the pericellular space of the basal parts of gastric glands. The extracellular dehydration is characterized by the gradual development of structural disorganization of the fundal glands and formation of the cyst-like cavities filled with cell detritus. It was revealed the greatest decrease of the stomach volume by 78.86 % (p < 0.000 1), the thickness of the stomach wall by 30.06 % (p < 0,000 1), the mucous membrane by 14.96 % (p = 0.009 7), the muscular membrane by 41.71 % (p = 0.000 2), the serous membrane by 37.31% (p < 0.000 1), the cross-sectional area of the cytoplasm of glandulocytes under conditions of severe general dehydration of the organism relative to the control group of animals. Under conditions of sublethal intracellular dehydration of the organism there was revealed the largest decrease of total number of glandular cells by 27.05 % (p < 0.000 1), the number of apodocytes by 72.21 % (p < 0.000 1), the neck mucocytes by 28.8 % (p < 0.000 1), parietal cells by 17.34 % (p = 0.021). The severe degree of the extracellular dehydration caused an increasing of the relative stomach mass by 61.2 % (p < 0.000 1), the number of neck mucocytes by 9.03 % (p < 0.045 6), the diameter of the arterioles by 17.24 % (p = 0.001 9), the diameter of the venules – by 36.84 % (p < 0.000 1) in comparison with intact rats. Two-factor dispersion analysis has shown that the degree of dehydration mainly influenced the relative weight of the stomach, the total number of cells in the gland. The influence of the type of dehydration was predominant for the number of superficial, neck mucocytes and apodocytes. The interaction of the factors significantly influenced the changes in the cross-sectional area of the nuclei of the glandular cells and the number of parietal cells in the glands. The gastroprotective action of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate was manifested in decreasing of desquamation and better preservation of the structural organization of gastric glands, general decrease in the number of cells with the consolidation of nuclei and cytoplasm, an increase in the number of mitochondria with the typical structure and secretion of the glandular cells in conditions of all types of dehydration, reduction of edema in periglandular spaces of the basal parts of glands under conditions of intracellular dehydration, reduction of the frequency of occurrence of the cyst-like cavities in the gastric glands and signs of cellular edema in conditions of extracellular dehydration of the organism.