Культурна діяльність міжвоєнної української еміграції в Болгарії: (музика, танці, театр)

Abstract

Охарактеризовано музичне, хореографічне та театральне мистецтво міжвоєнної української політичної еміграції в Болгарії. Проаналізовано концертну діяльність Української громади, Українського культурного об’єднання, Українсько-Болгарського товариства й інших громадських організацій еміграції. Найбільш вдалими були виступи хорових, інструментальних і танцювальних колективів та аматорських театральних труп. Визначено репертуар творчих колективів української еміграції.

Охарактеризовано музыкальное, хореографическое и театральное искусство межвоенной украинской политической эмиграции в Болгарии. Проанализирована концертная деятельность Украинского общества, Украинского культурного объединения, Украинско-болгарского общества и других общественных организаций эмиграции. Наиболее удачными были выступления хоровых, инструментальных, танцевальных коллективов и любительских театральных трупп. Определен репертуар творческих коллективов украинской эмиграции.

Interwar Ukrainian political emigration in Romania was formed as a result of several waves and emigration flows in 1918-1922. This is not about the whole emigration from Ukraine, but only about its political part. The given paper observes this notion in the narrow sense. That is, it was that part of emigration, which was politically motivated, ideologically determined, organizationally structured, as well as embraces a cause of Ukraine as an independent state in any form. During the period between the First and Second World Wars there were 2 - 1,000 political йmigrйs in Bulgaria with the tendency to reduce their amount. Their majority were supporters of the Government of the UPR in exile, as well as followers of the former Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi and the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. Йmigrйs built a network of public organizations, which were engaged not only in sociopolitical, but also cultural and educational activities. The most influential in the йmigrй environment were the Ukrainian community in Bulgaria with its affiliates in the regions, the Ukrainian Cultural Association in Bulgaria, the Union of Ukrainian Organizations in Bulgaria, and the Ukrainian-Bulgarian Society. The cultural activity of emigration civic organizations was wide and diverse. Its organizational forms were social evenings, musical performances, concerts and theatrical performances. Usually they were confined to national, state, religious and secular holidays, anniversaries of historical events and figures. Social evenings and musical performances consisted of the one part, where some artists, choir and instrumental groups participated. Their repertoire included Ukrainian and Bulgarian national anthems, folk songs and dances, opera arias. Sometimes there was the recitation of Ukrainian poets, acting the peculiar scenes (pictures, fragments of plays) from the theatrical performances. The concerts consisted of two parts, one of which was the one-act play. The most complex form of the cultural event was a performance for 4 or 5 acts. The most popular were operas "Cossack beyond the Danube", "May Night", "Cherevychky", plays "Nevolnyk", "Shelmenko-denshchyk", "Matchmaking in Goncharivka", comedy "Buvalshchyna" and other. The great popularity among the Bulgarian public had the Ukrainian folk choir under the direction of I. Orlov. His performances were broadcast on the Sofia radio. Social evenings and musical performances took place in the premises of Ukrainian public organizations, concerts and theatrical performances were in the specially rented premises - the halls of the Bulgarian society "Slavonic disputes", the Christian Youth Union and the salon of the international organization Alliance Franзaise.