Правове регулювання використання творів мистецтва: зарубіжний досвід

Abstract

У статті розглянуто правове регулювання використання творів мистецтва на різних етапах формування авторського права у зарубіжних країнах. На прикладі свободи панорами розглянуто правове регулювання використання творів мистецтва, що розташовані у вільнодоступних місцях. Увага акцентована на відсутності в національному законодавстві поняття «свобода панорами», що в подальшому призводить до плюралізму наукових думок.

В статье рассмотрено правовое регулирование использования произведений искусства на разных этапах формирования авторского права в зарубежных странах. На примере свободы панорамы рассмотрено правовое регулирование использования произведений искусства, которые расположены в свободных для доступа местах. Внимание акцентировано на отсутствии в национальном законодательстве понятия «свобода панорамы», что в дальнейшем приводит к плюрализму научных мыслей.

The article considers the legal regulation of the use of works of art at different stages of the formation of copyright in foreign countries. The example of the freedom of panorama is considered the legal regulation of the use of works of art, which are located in free places for access. Attention is focused on the lack of the concept of «panorama freedom» in national legislation, which in the future leads to a plurality of scientific thoughts. We propose to consider the use of works of art on the example of works of art, which are attributed to the copyright of French law Since the copyright for works of literature and art was formed for many centuries. We consider it necessary to consider separate stages of its formation, in the process of which the results of creativity related to copyright objects were developed and developed. Considering the issues of legal regulation of the use of works of art, it is appropriate to address the world understanding of the concept of «freedom of panorama» and to consider its components in more detail. The freedom of panorama is the right to free photography in public places where memorable public objects, such as architectural objects, sculptural objects, works of art, etc. It should be noted that in different countries the legal regulation of this issue is significantly different. On the basis of the analysis of the legislation of various European countries concerning regulation of panorama freedom, we can point out that in comparison with other countries of Europe in Germany, freedom of panorama is fixed by law. It is also fair to say that Germany is the most loyal to the «amateur photographers». Taking into account the international experience of legal regulation on the use of works of art and foreign practice, it is necessary to accelerate in reforming the national legislation in the field of copyright and related rights, namely to provide a clear definition of the concept «freedom of panorama».