Адміністративно-правове регулювання соціального захисту працівників Національної поліції України

Abstract

Дисертаційна робота присвячена визначенню сутності та розкриттю особливостей адміністративно-правового регулювання соціального захисту працівників Національної поліції України та перспектив його вдосконалення, ґрунтуючись на досвіді зарубіжних країн та в рамках проведення масштабного державного реформування. Надаються характеристика історії розвитку та сучасного стану правового регулювання соціального захисту працівників Національної поліції України, а також характеристика методологічних засад дослідження адміністративно-правового регулювання соціального захисту працівників Національної поліції України. Розкриваються сутність адміністративно-правової складової в регулюванні соціального захисту працівників Національної поліції України. Визначаються поняття та сутність адміністративно-правового статусу працівників Національної поліції України, а також поняття і принципи соціального захисту працівників Національної поліції України. Окреслюються напрями соціального захисту працівників Національної поліції. Встановлюється система суб’єктів у сфері забезпечення реалізації соціального захисту працівників Національної поліції України. Узагальнюється зарубіжний досвід правового регулювання соціального захисту працівників поліції. Визначаються перспективи вдосконалення адміністративно-правового регулювання соціального захисту працівників Національної поліції України.

The dissertation is focused on determining the essence and revealing the specific features of administrative and legal regulation of social protection of the National Police of Ukraine and prospects for its improvement, based on the experience of foreign countries and in the framework of large-scale state reform. The genesis of the concept of police, which was interpreted as "public order", is determined. The historical development of the police is considered and six (from the existence of Kievan Rus Galicia – Volyn principality, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the present – the creation of the National Police of Ukraine) are distinguished stages of its formation, within which it was transformed and the dynamics of development of social rights and guarantees of law enforcement. It is established that methodologies are, first of all, a system of principles, methods, approaches to cognition of a certain subject of research. In the structure of which it is accepted to distinguish methods, principles and approaches. There is a multifaceted application of a systems approach, which means a system formed by the principles, techniques and methods of cognitive activity. The main features that emphasize some unanimity of researchers' approaches to the study of the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation are summarized: 1) mechanism – a set of ways or system of ways and means of regulating social relations; 2) the presence of three main components of the mechanism (rules of law, acts of implementation of rules of law, administrative and legal relations); 3) delimitation of the constituent elements of administrative and legal regulation into basic and additional (related, optional). The administrative and legal status of the employee of the National Police of Ukraine is determined, by which it is proposed to understand the set of powers established by the normative legal act, through the implementation of which the tasks are performed. The essence of the administrative-legal status is objectively considered through the tasks for the implementation of which the powers and responsibilities of a particular subject of legal relations are provided, clearly regulated and enshrined in the normative legal act, for non-performance and, or improper performance of which liability is provided. The concept of social protection is defined in a broad and narrow sense. Yes, in a broad sense – it is a number of consistent functions performed by the state, aimed at ensuring the implementation of social policy through specially created state bodies. In the narrow sense, it is a state-guaranteed timely and urgent set of measures aimed at organizing the material support of the relevant categories of citizens who, due to objective and/or subjective factors, have lost or not been able to provide proper living conditions on their own. There are general principles, which include the principle of guaranteeing the right to social protection, the principle of systematic, the principle of legality, the principle of economic feasibility, the principle of preventing the abolition and/or reduction of social benefits due to changes in social legislation and special principles timeliness, the principle of urgency, the principle of justice. Based on the current legislation, the main areas of social protection of the National Police are noted, which we propose to differentiate by nature: 1) material support (police cash benefits, one-time cash benefits in case of death or disability of police officers, police pensions); 2) housing (preservation of benefits for housing); 3) medical support (free receipt of drugs, medicines, immunobiological drugs and medical devices according to doctors' prescriptions, free first-priority dentures (except for prosthetics made of precious metals), free provision of sanatorium treatment or self-compensation); 4) professional protection (working hours and rest time of police officers, police leave, protection of the rights and legitimate interests of police officers, education of police officers' children). In connection with the extensive system of subjects of social protection (central and local executive bodies, local governments, public associations, enterprises in the implementation of social policy), their multilevel (state, regional, local) is established. The experience of foreign countries in the field of legal regulation of social protection of law enforcement officers in Eastern Europe (Republic of Bulgaria) and post-Soviet Baltic countries (Republic of Lithuania, Republic of Estonia, Republic of Latvia) and post-Soviet countries (Republic of Belarus, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan, Georgia). The priority areas for improving the social protection of employees include: 1) legislative – codification of regulations in the field of social security in general and the police in particular, highlighting the relevant rules in a separate book with the introduction of a clear distinction between working time and leisure time; 2) professional – the organization of real regulation of guarantee of fundamental social rights; 3) material – decent financial support of all spheres of life; 4) psycho-emotional – psycho-emotional adaptation of police officers, restoration of the image of the profession and authority among the population and the establishment of the presumption of the rightness of the police at the legislative level. In order to effectively organize the administrative and legal regulation of social protection of employees of the National Police of Ukraine by improving the current Law, it is proposed to supplement the definitions: "office (working) time", "overtime", "police leave", "police cash".