Адміністративно-правове забезпечення житлового будівництва в Україні

Abstract

Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню змісту й особливостей адміністративно-правового забезпечення житлового будівництва в Україні. Виявлено генезис адміністративно-правового забезпечення житлового будівництва в Україні. З’ясовано особливості житлового будівництва в Україні як об’єкта адміністративно-правового забезпечення. Охарактеризовано правові засади житлового будівництва та встановлено місце серед них адміністративно-правових норм. Окреслено систему суб’єктів адміністративно-правового забезпечення житлового будівництва в Україні та з’ясовувано особливості їх адміністративно-правового статусу. Встановлено коло публічно-правових принципів забезпечення житлового будівництва в Україні. З’ясовано особливості реалізації адміністративно-правових та організаційних форм і методів забезпечення житлового будівництва в Україні. Охарактеризовано процедури адміністративно-правового забезпечення житлового будівництва в Україні. Визначено напрями вдосконалення адміністративної відповідальності за правопорушення у сфері житлового будівництва в Україні. Узагальнено зарубіжний досвід правового регулювання житлового будівництва та опрацьовано можливості його використання в Україні. З’ясовано шляхи вдосконалення державної політики та адміністративного законодавства у сфері житлового будівництва в Україні.

Диссертация посвящена исследованию содержания и особенностей административно-правового обеспечения жилищного строительства в Украине. Выявлено генезис административно-правового обеспечения жилищного строительства в Украине. Выяснены особенности жилищного строительства в Украине как объекта административно-правового обеспечения. Охарактеризованы правовые основы жилищного строительства и определено место среди них административно-правовых норм. Рассмотрена система субъектов административно-правового обеспечения жилищного строительства в Украине и выяснены особенности их административно-правового статуса. Установлен круг публично-правовых принципов обеспечения жилищного строительства в Украине. Выяснены особенности реализации административно-правовых и организационных форм и методов обеспечения жилищного строительства в Украине. Охарактеризованы процедуры административно-правового обеспечения жилищного строительства в Украине. Определены направления совершенствования административной ответственности за правонарушения в сфере жилищного строительства в Украине. Обобщен зарубежный опыт правового регулирования жилищного строительства и выяснены возможности его использования в Украине. Предложены пути совершенствования государственной политики и административного законодательства в сфере жилищного строительства в Украине.

The dissertation is focused on studying the content and specific features of administrative and legal provision of housing construction in Ukraine. The author has singled out five stages of historical and legal development of administrative and legal provision of housing construction in Ukraine: 1) the period of existence of Kievan Rus (IX-XIII centuries); 2) the beginning of the XIV – the end of the XIII century – domination of the Magdeburg law in the vast majority of the territories of Ukraine; 3) the time of Ukraine’s accession to the Russian Empire (early XVIII century – 1917); 4) the period of existence of the USSR (1917-1991); 5) the current stage (since 1991 and until now). It has been determined that the object of administrative and legal provision in the field of housing construction is the activity of the state and urban planning entities for the construction of buildings intended for human habitation and creation of conditions for citizens to exercise the right to housing guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine. It has been offered to create a department within the State Architectural and Construction Inspectorate of Ukraine that would combat corruption and other corruption offenses committed by urban planning entities and public administration officials in the construction sector, in particular housing construction. The author has carried out the characteristics of the system of subjects of administrative and legal provision of housing construction in Ukraine, taking into account their division into subjects of general competence that accomplish the formation and implementation of the state policy in the construction sector, in particular in the field of housing construction, and subjects of special competence that directly apply the forms and methods of administrative and legal provision of housing construction. The author has improved scientific approaches to the classification of the principles of administrative and legal provision of the housing construction area, which have been offered to be divided into: 1) generally legal, which are inherent for the implementation of any activity; 2) sectoral, which are characteristic for the construction sector in general; 3) special, which are relevant for legal provision of the housing construction area. It has been argued that organizational, administrative and legal forms of ensuring housing construction in Ukraine are the ways of external expression (identification) of the regulatory and administrative function of the state represented by its competent authorities and officials in the field of housing construction. The relevant forms include normative and legal, law-enforcement, organizational and constituent, control and supervisory. It has been noted that important administrative and legal means along with the forms are methods of the activity of the subjects of administrative and legal provision of housing construction. They have been characterized as the ways to influence the consciousness and behavior of urban planning entities in order of their compliance with the established rules of housing construction. The methods of providing housing construction in Ukraine include: persuasion; coercion; establishment of instructions, prohibitions, permits; coordination, subordination and re-coordination. It has been found out that procedures of administrative and legal provision of housing construction in Ukraine constitute the procedure (sequence) established by the current legislation for performing legally significant actions by public and private entities in order to resolve certain cases in the field of public management in the field of housing construction. The classification of procedures for administrative and legal provision of housing construction in Ukraine has been carried out: 1) permit and registration procedures, which consist of: (a) procedures for granting a permit for construction activities; (b) procedures for granting a construction permit for a specific housing construction object; 2) control and supervisory procedures; 3) jurisdictional (proceedings in cases on administrative offenses; imposition of fines for offenses in the field of urban planning). The author has also substantiated the necessity of adopting new legislative acts in order to improve the bases of bringing to administrative and criminal liability for illegal construction, reduction of terms of considering the cases on claims of the state architectural and construction control and supervision agencies. The directions for improving administrative liability for offenses in the field of housing construction in Ukraine have been determined. It has been offered to borrow and apply in Ukraine the experience of administrative and legal provision of housing construction from the United States, Poland, Germany, in particular: in regard to the experience of Poland – to review the procedures for legalization of old buildings that were built before acquiring the independence; regarding the experience of the United States – to establish clear hierarchical relationships between the subjects of administrative and legal provision of housing construction and the mechanism of the division of powers between institutions and agencies of the same level; in regard to the experience of Germany – to create conditions for significant specification of domestic construction legislation. The author has specified the ways to improve the state policy and administrative legislation in the field of housing construction in Ukraine.