The evolution and challenges of post-war memorialization: from traditional monuments to digital spaces

Abstract

According to the UN Special Rapporteur, the increase in memorialization became «institutionalized between 1997 and 2005» (Beazley, 2021). Post-war memorialization as the performative act linked to remembrance was thoroughly investigated by many scientists (Hass, 1998; Prost, 2002; Login, 2012, 2015; Pinkerton, 2012; Robins, 2012; Amat, 2015; Billingsley, 2018; Lundqvist, 2019; Atabay, 2022; Lee, 2023). T. Zaninovic, N. Omicevic et all emphasize that memorialization, in various forms, has been an integral aspect of human civilization throughout history. It highlights how monuments and symbols such as dolmens, pyramids, temples, churches, and chapels have served as means of memorialization and connection to places of significance. These elements not only represent human creativity but also function as historical tools for shaping and marking places (Zaninovic, 2023). The practice of memorialization, particularly prevalent in post-conflict societies, has evolved into a widespread cultural phenomenon. Influenced by Western memorial models, memorialization has become a means for societies to reckon with past tragedies and mass atrocities publicly. Memorialization is portrayed as a vital component of struggles for human rights, reparations, and democratic consolidation in societies emerging from conflict. While often viewed as a tool for reconciliation, the process is not without its challenges (Beazley, 2021). Memory theorists suggest that the increase in memorialization may stem from a fear of forgetting, particularly in an era marked by rapid technological change.