Участь прокурора у кримінальному провадженні: історичні аспекти

Abstract

Стаття присвячена дослідженню історичного розвитку та юридичної природи участі прокурора у кримінальних провадженнях. Визначено походження терміну «прокурор». Розглянуто виникнення первинних функцій прокуратури. Визначено коло осіб, які виконували функції прокурорського нагляду як на території України, так і в світі загалом. Проведено науковий аналіз основних етапів становлення і розвитку інституту прокуратури.

Статья посвящена исследованию исторического развития и юридической природы участия прокурора в уголовном производстве. Определено происхождение термина «прокурор». Рассмотрено возникновение первичных функций прокуратуры. Определен круг лиц, которые выполняли функции прокурорского надзора как на территории Украины, так и в мире в целом. Проанализированы основные этапы становления и развития института прокуратуры с точки зрения различных ученых.

The article is devoted to research of historical development and legal nature of the prosecutor participation in the criminal proceedings. It was determined the origin of the term "prosecutor". It was considered that the emergence of the primary prosecutor functions took place in the Ancient World. It was clarified that the legal system and with it certain prosecutor functions, also began to form on the territory of present Ukrainian lands even in ancient times. It was determined the range of persons who had performed the functions of the prosecutorial supervision both on Ukrainian territory and in the world as a whole. It was considered that exactly the prosecutor's office was first established in France in the 13th century. It was concluded that the official birthday of functions inherent in modern prosecutor's office on the Ukrainian lands was the day of establishment of Ukrainian Tribunal itself. The main stages of formation and development of the prosecutor institute from the point of view of different scholars were also analyzed. This question is quite debatable. It was noted that for periodization the scientists use a variety of criteria that gives certain individuality to each such research. At the end, it was concluded that the prosecutor institute had undergone a complex historical path of development, evolving from authority that had protected monarch interests, to guarantor of ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.