Фактори ризику порушень стану здоров'я дітей в екологічно несприятливих регіонах

Abstract

Проведено дисперсійний аналіз впливу зон проживання на стан здоров’я дітей дошкільного та молодшого шкільного віку, мешканців зони підвищеного радіаційного забруднення, великого промислового міста й столиці. Доведено залежність відхилень нервової системи, органів дихання та стоматологічного статусу мешканців екологічно несприятливих районів. Установлено, що перебіг вагітності та пологів впливає на здоров’я дітей.

Проведен дисперсионный анализ влияния зон проживания на состояние здоровья детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста, жителей зоны повышенного радиационного загрязнения, большого промышленного города и столицы. Выявлена зависимость отклонений со стороны нервной системы, органов дыхания и стоматологического статуса жителей экологически неблагоприятных районов. Установлено влияние на здоровье детей течения беременности и родов.

Introduction. Environmental factors that affect the health of children can be divided into three main groups: biological, natural and socio-economic. Today the state of health of the children, whose parents were exposed to long-time radiation due to the Chernobyl disaster, is still of great importance. Socio-cultural environmental conditions and physical features of children must be under special observation in pre-school age. Purpose. Identify risk factors for health of preschool and primary school age children who live in ecologically unfavorable areas. Materials and Methods. We studied clinical and anthropometric parameters of 198 children (group 1), born and living in contaminated areas of Kyiv region (Irpin town) and 155 children living in ecologically unfa-vorable areas of industrial city Zaporizhia (group 2). Comparison group (group 3) included 118 children who permanently live in Kyiv. Groups were age-equivalent. We used clinical methods of investigation; the degree of resistance of the body was judged by previous diseases; functional status was evaluated by clinical methods using functional tests. The following was determined: dependence of indicators of children's health on environmental and social conditions and biological risk factors; frequency of certain phenotypic features and premorbid conditions in children depending on ecological state of the environment; children's health depending on various factors provided by parents’ interview. Discussion. Studies have shown that pathologies of various organs and systems were observed almost equally in all experimental groups, but disorders of the nervous system, dental status, recurrent respiratory infections are significantly more common for the residents of unfavorable areas. In early school age, as compared to preschool age, transition to new conditions and adaptation led to a significant increase of abnormalities of mental status, nervous system, respiratory and digestive system. It was established that complicated course of pregnancy and birth, maternal age affected the early childhood and schoolchildren health. It was found that day-time sleep reduced nervous and mental disorders in preschool age and primary school age. Watching TV more than 2 hours per day significantly increased the risk of nervous disorders. Malnutrition from birth significantly contributed to the occurrence of nervous disorders in early childhood and school age and led to mental health problems and respiratory disorders. Social and domestic factors complicated the neuropsychiatric disorders in children of all ages and affected vision. Thus, formation of pathologies of various organs and systems in the preschool and early school age was induced not only by environmental, but also social and domestic economic factors; environmental factor increased the frequency of disorders occurrence.