SocioEconomic Challenges (SEC)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://devessuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61497
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Item Women and society a major field of studies to understand the discrimination(Sumy State University, 2023) Bhandari, M.P.The study of women and society is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the intricate interplay between gender, societal structures, and cultural norms that shape women’s experiences within communities. This field recognizes that gender is not a fixed biological concept but a social construct that permeates all facets of life. It acknowledges the diverse experiences of women and the intersections with other identities. The primary objective of this field is to foster social justice and equality by advocating for policies and practices that advance gender equality and empower women. The subject of women and society encompasses a broad range of topics, including the portrayal of female characters in literature, the practice of female genital mutilation, and the influence of government support agencies on women’s entrepreneurship. It serves as a valuable resource for students, scholars, and researchers across various academic disciplines, providing a comprehensive understanding of the intricate ways in which gender impacts individuals and society as a whole. This understanding is achieved through an interdisciplinary approach that draws on insights from sociology, anthropology, psychology, literature, and other relevant fields. This study aims to emphasize the significance of research in the field of women and society. The paper adopts a desktop research method, utilizing existing knowledge and literature to develop an understanding of the subject. By exploring the multifaceted dimensions of women’s experiences, the study highlights the need to address gender disparities, challenge societal norms, and promote inclusive policies that foster gender equality and women’s empowerment. It underscores the importance of incorporating a gendered lens in all aspects of social analysis and decision-making processes, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and just society.Item Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture, a Case Study of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan(Sumy State University, 2021) Bhandari, M.P.Climate change raises the risk on food security, alters the cropping pattern, and secondly, it also plays the triggering role to widen inequality. The South Asian region is home to nearly half of the poor and malnourished population of the world. In South Asia — Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan encounter similar climate induced changes though they differ in their socio-political, economic, and cultural conditions.Item Mainstream Religious Domain in Nepal a Contradiction and Conflict of In-digenous Communities in Maintaining the Identity, Race, Gender and Class(Sumy State University, 2019) Bhandari, M.P.Nepal is unique in terms of culture, religion, and geography as well as in its Indigenous Communities (IC). There has always been domination by the mainstream culture and religion; however, until recently there was no visible friction and violence between any religious groups and ICs. Within the societal structure, there was an effort to maintain harmonious relationships, at least on the surface. In recent years discord has emerged primarily due to political crises as well as an identity crisis among ICsItem Impact of Tourism of Off Road Driving on Vegetation Biomass, a Case Study of Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya(Sumy State University, 2018) Bhandari, M.P.This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of tourist vehicles negative impacts on vegetation biomass, structure, soil infiltration and sensitivity through Off the Road Drive to have closer view of the big five-wildlife of Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya. Tourism has been considered as eco-friendly and sustainable business in the contemporary world.Item The Problems and Consequences of the Biodiversity Conservation: A Case Study from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan(Sumy State University, 2018) Bhandari, M.P.Biodiversity, a measure of the health of biological system, is a variation in the life form in a given ecosystem over a time period. Biodiversity supports the earth’s life systems by stabilizing the foundation for crucial ecosystem services. Reviewing literature, this paper explains the current status of biodiversity in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. The author chose these South Asian countries because despite housing spectacular natural beauty and biological wealth and significantly contributing to the life support systems.Item Institutional Architecture For Sustainable Development (SD): A Case Study from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan(Sumy State University, 2017) Bhandari, M.P.; Bhattarai, K.Proper institutional architecture (IA), one of the two main themes of the Earth Summit, is important for sustainable development (SD). The IA not only has global importance for governance, but also has importance for national and regional governances. Proper governance is needed in developing, monitoring and implementing policies that are needed to meet the three pillars – social, environmental and economic of SD. After the establishment of a global level institution – the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in 1972 as a result of the Stockholm Conference, and the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) in 1992 following the Rio Earth Summit – many countries have expressed their commitments to develop strong IA within their administrative network to attain the goals of SD. Arguments are that strong IA framework is needed to halt or reverse global environmental degradation. Critics, however, say that there are overlapping and competing claims than collaborating mandates between the UNEP and CSD to meet the goals of SD. Nonetheless, none has undermined the importance of IA to achieve the goals of SD. The importance of IA has increased further after the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in 2002 to attain the goals of SD for the 21st century. However, despite the action oriented approaches of WSSD for global and regional partnerships, many countries have failed to deliver needful changes within their IA. Research scholars question if IA is not well established, how would countries meet the standard of Rio+20 for delivering SD objectives. Reviewing the status of IA from four South Asian countries – Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan – from published literature and government portals and analyzing secondary data, this paper evaluates the strengths and weakness of IA of these countries. These four South Asian countries have expressed their repeated commitments to institutionalize services needed to achieve the goals of SD, however, our analyses of the IA’s performance indicators do not justify their claims. An analysis of four major indicators – Environmental Performance Index (EPI), the Global Competitiveness Index (GPI), Human Development Index (HDI) and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) – within the framework of SD suggests that all four countries have different levels of social, economic and environmental foundations. However, all countries are competing to attain international conferences, signing and ratifying major multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), and claiming to achieve the goals of SD. Though these countries claim to have designed policies, laws, and administrative organizations to meet the requirements of MEAs, weak performance indicators suggest need for further investigation of IA performances. This investigation will reveal whether repeated commitments in papers, mere participations in various conferences, signing treaties, and creating IA to draw international aids are enough or there are other factors that inhibit countries from achieving the goals of SD.