SocioEconomic Challenges (SEC)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://devessuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61497
Browse
11 results
Search Results
Item The global crisis, government contracts, licensing and corruption(Academic Research and Publishing UG, Germany, 2023) Kaya, H.D.This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of corruption. The main purpose of the research is to examine the impact of global economic/financial crisis on corruption. We focus on manufacturing firms in the EECA region and examine their activities including bidding for government contracts, applying for an operating license, and applying for an import license. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem indicates that bribes got significantly smaller after the crisis ended. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that governments’ efforts to improve the overall business environment when facing an economic/financial crisis help reduce corruption. Investigation of corruption in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: First, the size of bribes for securing government contracts is examined. Then, the prevalence of bribery during import license application process is examined. Finally, the prevalence of bribery during operating license application process is examined. Methodological tools of the research methods were non-parametric tests that compare the years of 2007 and 2010-2014. The research object is manufacturing firms in the EECA region because they were included in the BEEPS IV and BEEPS V manufacturing surveys. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that governments’ actions during an economic or financial crisis affect the size and prevalence of bribery. The research results can be useful for government officials that plan on reducing corruption in their region or countryItem The global crisis, manufacturing firms, regulations and taxes(Sumy State University, 2022) Kaya, H.D.In this study, we focus on how regulations and taxes affect manufacturing firms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We examine whether overall regulations became a bigger obstacle to these firms after the 2008- 2009 Global crisis. We also examine whether tax inspections became a bigger obstacle after the Global crisis. Besides regulations and tax inspections, we also look into the prevalence of corruption related to tax officials before and after the Global crisis. Using two large datasets (i.e. the BEEPS IV and BEEPS V surveys), we are able to compare the pre-crisis period to the post-crisis period. Our results show that, in this region, post-crisis, senior managers spent more time on dealing with overall regulations which includes tax-related regulations and other types of regulations. Therefore, we can conclude that, post-crisis, regulations became a bigger obstacle to manufacturing firms’ operations. We also find that, post-crisis, there was a significant drop in the percentage of firms that had inspections or meetings with tax officials. Also, post-crisis, each firm on average, had fewer inspections or meetings with tax officials. Therefore, while overall regulations became a bigger obstacle to these firms, tax inspections became a smaller problem. When we examine corruption, we find that there was no significant change in the prevalence of bribes related to tax officials. Before and after the Global crisis, a similar percentage (8-9%) of manufacturing firms had to deal with bribe requests by tax officials. Future studies may focus on other types of regulations which include employment regulations, health and safety regulations, licensing regulations, environmental regulations, and zoning regulations, and the corruption related to these regulations.Item Economic Crises And Entrepreneurship: A Comparison Of Developed And Less Developed Countries(Sumy State University, 2021) Kaya, H.D.This paper examines the change in entrepreneurial activity in developed and less developed countries during the period surrounding the 2008-2009 Global Crisis. The paper also examines how several entrepreneurship-related factors including costs, taxes, number of procedures, legal rights and credit coverage had changed for the two groups of countries after the Global Crisis. For the developed nations, we find that most factors had not significantly changed from the pre-crisis period to the post-crisis period.Item The Determinants Of Primary Employment In U.S. States(2021) Kaya, H.D.We examine the relationship between `primary employment` and `business friendliness` of U.S. states. Do states with a low score in `business friendliness` worry small business owners too much and hence force them to run their business as their primary job? We look at several main components of `business friendliness` including `Ease of start`, `Ease of hire`, `Overall regulations`, and `Training and networking`.Item The Perception of Corruption Among Retailers in Central Asia and Eastern Europe During and After the 2008 Crisis(Sumy State University, 2021) Kaya, H.D.; Engkuchik, E.N.S.In this study, we examine how the 2008-2009 Global Crisis has affected the informal payments/gifts paid by retailers in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We look at the overall incidence of bribes, the incidence of bribes in customs/imports, the incidence of bribes in courts, and the incidence of bribes in tax payments. We compare the crisis period to the post-crisis period and found that these firms believed that the incidence of bribes went down significantly after the crisis ended.Item How Does The Use Of Technology In Entrepreneurial Process Affect Firms’ Growth?(Sumy State University, 2021) Kaya, H.D.This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of how technology use in entrepreneurial process relates to firm performance and business owner’s optimism in U.S. states. We specifically focus on each U.S. state’s success in employing internet as a tool during the startup process, the tax payment process, and the licensing process. We try to answer the following question: “Do the small firms that operate in an internet-friendly state perform better than the small firms that operate in a less internet-friendly state?” We also examine how internet usage affects owners’ outlook for the future. Our results show that the prevalence of internet use for tax payments or for licensing in a state is not related to companies’ performance or their owners’ outlook.Item The Global Crisis And Crime: A Look Into Manufacturing Firms(Sumy State University, 2020) Kaya, H.D.; Lumpkin-Sowers, N.L.In this study, we examine how the 2007-2009 Global Crisis affected manufacturing firms’ security spending and losses due to property crime (i.e. theft, robbery, vandalism, and arson) in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Although we are currently experiencing a new global crisis due to the coronavirus, we cannot examine this current period yet since the current crisis is still ongoing. This article pulls together different literatures on the aftermath of the 2007-2009 Global Crisis in middle income economies, the influence of crisis on global supply chains, and the connections between unemployment and crime, to provide an empirical investigation of the trends in security spending within manufacturing firms across time.Item The Business Cycle And The Portfolio Composition Of Mutual Funds?(Sumy State University, 2020) Kaya, H.D.; Kwok, J.S.This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of mutual funds’ composition across the business cycle. The main purpose of the research is to determine whether mutual funds alter their investments across the business cycle. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of the relationship between the business cycle and the composition of mutual funds indicates that five-star rated mutual funds may have an investment strategy that is different from lower-rated funds.Item An Application Of Stock-Trak In ‘Investments’: What Common Mistakes Do Students Make While Studying Socioeconomic Processes?(Sumy State University, 2020) Kaya, H.D.; Kwok, J.S.The main purpose of this study is to review practical experience and provide guidance on the use of Stock-Trak software (trading virtual assets of various types of investment assets) by students to make investment decisions under uncertainty. The article uses such scientific methods of analysis as analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction and modeling. The information base for the study is students enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs in economics at Northeastern State University (USA). Based on the analysis of students’ reports for the period 2014-2017, it is established that the most common mistakes in the study of socio-economic processes include the neglect of transaction costs and the non-accounting of dividends in the calculations.Item Government Support, Entrepreneurial Activity and Firm Growth(Sumy State University, 2019) Kaya, H.D.Systematization of the literary sources and ap-proaches for solving the problem of the impact of government support on entrepreneurial activity, growth, and optimism indicates that neither the support of state governments nor the support of local governments has a significant impact on the entrepreneurial activity in that state. However, the results show that both the support of state governments and the support of local governments have a significant impact on firm perfor-mance and owner’s outlook for the future.