SocioEconomic Challenges (SEC)
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Item The global crisis, government contracts, licensing and corruption(Academic Research and Publishing UG, Germany, 2023) Kaya, H.D.This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of corruption. The main purpose of the research is to examine the impact of global economic/financial crisis on corruption. We focus on manufacturing firms in the EECA region and examine their activities including bidding for government contracts, applying for an operating license, and applying for an import license. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem indicates that bribes got significantly smaller after the crisis ended. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that governments’ efforts to improve the overall business environment when facing an economic/financial crisis help reduce corruption. Investigation of corruption in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: First, the size of bribes for securing government contracts is examined. Then, the prevalence of bribery during import license application process is examined. Finally, the prevalence of bribery during operating license application process is examined. Methodological tools of the research methods were non-parametric tests that compare the years of 2007 and 2010-2014. The research object is manufacturing firms in the EECA region because they were included in the BEEPS IV and BEEPS V manufacturing surveys. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that governments’ actions during an economic or financial crisis affect the size and prevalence of bribery. The research results can be useful for government officials that plan on reducing corruption in their region or countryItem The global crisis, manufacturing firms, regulations and taxes(Sumy State University, 2022) Kaya, H.D.In this study, we focus on how regulations and taxes affect manufacturing firms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We examine whether overall regulations became a bigger obstacle to these firms after the 2008- 2009 Global crisis. We also examine whether tax inspections became a bigger obstacle after the Global crisis. Besides regulations and tax inspections, we also look into the prevalence of corruption related to tax officials before and after the Global crisis. Using two large datasets (i.e. the BEEPS IV and BEEPS V surveys), we are able to compare the pre-crisis period to the post-crisis period. Our results show that, in this region, post-crisis, senior managers spent more time on dealing with overall regulations which includes tax-related regulations and other types of regulations. Therefore, we can conclude that, post-crisis, regulations became a bigger obstacle to manufacturing firms’ operations. We also find that, post-crisis, there was a significant drop in the percentage of firms that had inspections or meetings with tax officials. Also, post-crisis, each firm on average, had fewer inspections or meetings with tax officials. Therefore, while overall regulations became a bigger obstacle to these firms, tax inspections became a smaller problem. When we examine corruption, we find that there was no significant change in the prevalence of bribes related to tax officials. Before and after the Global crisis, a similar percentage (8-9%) of manufacturing firms had to deal with bribe requests by tax officials. Future studies may focus on other types of regulations which include employment regulations, health and safety regulations, licensing regulations, environmental regulations, and zoning regulations, and the corruption related to these regulations.Item The Perception of Corruption Among Retailers in Central Asia and Eastern Europe During and After the 2008 Crisis(Sumy State University, 2021) Kaya, H.D.; Engkuchik, E.N.S.In this study, we examine how the 2008-2009 Global Crisis has affected the informal payments/gifts paid by retailers in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We look at the overall incidence of bribes, the incidence of bribes in customs/imports, the incidence of bribes in courts, and the incidence of bribes in tax payments. We compare the crisis period to the post-crisis period and found that these firms believed that the incidence of bribes went down significantly after the crisis ended.Item Institutional Determinants Of Assessing Energy Efficiency Gaps In The National Economy(Sumy State University, 2020) Pavlyk, V.The article examines approaches to the analysis of factors that influence the difference between capacity and current energy production in the country, that is, the gap in energy efficiency in the economy. To investigate the main trends in the theory of energy efficiency and energy conservation, a bibliometric analysis was carried out (using VOSViewer v.1.6.10 toolkit), the object of which was 1428 scientific articles in publications indexed by the Scopus scientometric database. The analysis showed that in 2019, scientists published 1.5 times more work on the subject than in 2005, and revealed five clusters of scientists who investigated the problems of the connection between institutional determinants and lack of electricity in the country.Item Corruption, Investment and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: A Panel Smooth Transition Regression Approach(Sumy State University, 2018) Nguedie, Y.H.N.This article analyzes for a sample of 110 countries between 2006-2016, the relationship between cor-ruption, investment and growth. Using the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR), results show that there is a non-linearity between growth and investment which depends on the level of corruption, characterized by a smooth transition between the two extreme regimes. More precisely, the results ob-tained suggest that the sensitivity of growth to investment is higher in countries with a low degree of corruption. By elsewhere we also find a positive direct impact of the corruption on growth.Item Aid and Governance: issues in developing countries(Sumy State University, 2017) Sahqani, G.B.Development aid has gained widespread criticism due to its inefficiency in solving problems. Vast amounts of aid are given every year for humanitarian assistance, economic development, and improvement in bilateral trade relations. While we cannot deny the hidden political aims of donor nations and organizations, or ignore the misuse of funds and corruption ensued by aid, it is still important to argue for the importance of aid. Aid is still necessary in different shapes and modes for the socio-economic development and infrastructure projects in developing countries. In cases where there is a bad governance, aid should be spent on solving governing issues at its initial stages. Eventually, we can start using aid for development purposes once we have setup the appropriate institutional machinery.Item Corruption and migration policy. EU crisis management revisited(Sumy State University, 2017) Сисоєва, Лариса Юріївна; Сысоева, Лариса Юрьевна; Sysoieva, Larysa Yuriivna; Kleinschmidt, H.This study explores the analysis of the policy of EU countries regarding immigrants under the impact corruption may have had on the formulation and implementation of migration policies. The analysis shall proceed through three steps. First, authors shall describe our position within the theoretical discourse about corruption theory. Authors shall then move on to compare the shifts in levels of corruption in select EU Member States for some crucial years during the period between 2006 and 2015. Third, researchers shall look into the core factors behind these shifts and identify links to migration policies.