Факультет іноземної філології та соціальних комунікацій (ІФСК)
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Item Ukrainian Cossack and Noble Family Kostenetsky: the Historiographic and Source Analysis(Cherkas Global University; Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o, 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Зякун, Алла Іванівна; Зякун, Алла Ивановна; Ziakun, Alla Ivanivna; Gut, J.; Polyakova, L.G.The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities for researching the history of the family of the ancient Ukrainian cossack and noble family of the Kostenetsky. Thus, the work has both a historiographical and a source study character. The authors analyzed the developments of scientists of the XIX – early XXI centuries on the specified topic. They are all largely fragmentary. There are no comprehensive studies about the Kostenetsky clan or about its individual representatives. At the same time, there is a large array of published and unpublished historical sources. The most informative of them are archival documents. They are also the least studied by scientists. The overwhelming majority of these documents are kept in the state archives of the Sumy and Chernigov regions, the Institute of Manuscripts of the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I. Vernadsky (Ukraine) and the Russian State Historical Archives (Russia). These documents contain information about personal/family life, education, career of members of the Kostenetsky family. When working with sources on this topic, the need to use a critical method was emphasized. This will make it possible to obtain the most reliable historical data about the representatives of the Kostenetsky family.Item Местная титулатура в системе гражданского чинопроизводства Российской империи на украинских землях в последней четверти ХVIII в.(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Назаров, Микола Сергiйович; Назаров, Николай Сергеевич; Nazarov, Mykola Serhiiovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.The article attempts to determine the proportion of officials who at the end of the 18th century used obsolete Ukrainian and Polish ranks in the context of the transition to the Russian imperial bureaucratic system. The dynamics of changes in the number of such employees during the last quarter of the eighteenth century was investigated. The authors identified the reasons why employees preferred obsolete titles to new ones. First, the earlier these officials provide to their owners a higher socio-political and social status. Secondly, representatives of local service elites at the end of the 18th century often did not understand their place in the social and bureaucratic system of the Russian Empire. The work uses published sources (for example, regulations from the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire and data from the annual Mesyatseslov) and little-known archival documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kiev.Item Становление системы материального обеспечения и поощрения гражданских чиновников Российской империи в конце ХVIII – первой половине ХІХ вв.(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Ткаченко, Олена Григорівна; Ткаченко, Елена Григорьевна; Tkachenko, Olena Hryhorivna; Polyakova, L.G.; Stepanova, D.I.Статья посвящена становлению системы материального обеспечения и мотивации чиновников гражданских ведомств Российской империи с конца ХVIII до середины ХІХ веков. Исследование проводилось на примере украинских губерний, входивших в изучаемый период в состав Российской империи. В частности, внимание уделено таким видам материальной мотивации, как заработная плата (жалованье), другие денежные выплаты, подарки и т.п. Авторы делают вывод о том, что в течение первой половины ХІХ в. награды и поощрения, которые правительство применяло по отношению к гражданским чиновникам, были окончательно систематизированы и регламентированы законодательно. Ведущее место среди них занимали именно материальные поощрения. Поощрение чиновников было одним из механизмов, с помощью которого обеспечивалось непрерывное функционирование бюрократического аппарата империи. На недавно включенных в состав Российской империи землях служебные поощрения также могли играть роль одного из элементов политики инкорпорации элит этих регионов в общественную и управленческую структуру империи. В целом в течение первой половины ХІХ века поощрения по отношению к государственным служащим Российской империи были окончательно систематизированы. Появились их конкретный набор и условия, при которых они применялисьItem Ivan Klyushnikov and His Time (1811−1895): the Poet’s Spiritual Quest(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Ткаченко, Олена Григорівна; Ткаченко, Елена Григорьевна; Tkachenko, Olena Hryhorivna; Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.For the first time, the facts of the life and creative path of the Russian poet Ivan Klyushnikov (1811– 1895) were collected, organized, and subjected to historical and literary understanding in the article. The specifics of the study were manifested in the involvement of a wide range of archival materials, authoritative printed sources, documenting the spiritual evolution of the personality. An active participant of Nikolai Stankevich's circle, Klyushnikov played a significant role in the spiritual life of Russia in the 1930s and 1940s. He influenced the formation of the worldviews of Stankevich, Belinsky, Turgenev, and many other representatives of the creative intelligentsia. Being an idealist, passionate about Hegel's philosophy, Klyushnikov considered enlightenment and thought to be the main engine of history. He believed that in the face of heightened political reaction and autocratic despotism, it was possible to improve life through spiritual influence on society. Widely educated, endowed with remarkable poetic talent, at the junction of the 30-40s of the century before last, caught between two geniuses – Pushkin and Lermontov, he managed in his own way, originally and uniquely, to convey the psychology of a "superfluous man", to show the tragedy of young idealists who aspired to good, justice and happiness, but because of the circumstances were unable to realize their dream. His poetry is the confession of a man who has gone in his development from romantic illusions to the consciousness of his insolvency in all spheres of life. Having distanced himself from public life in fact in the heyday of creativity, choosing the fate of a hermit, Klyushnikov spent about 50 years in the distant wilderness alone, having done everything to be forgotten.