Видання зареєстровані авторами шляхом самоархівування
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Item The Pedagogical Process in Educational Institutions within the USSR’s State Labor Reserves System during Ukraine’s Economic Recovery in the Period 1943–1950(Cherkas Global University, 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Король, Віталій Миколайович; Король, Виталий Николаевич; Korol, Vitalii Mykolaiovych; Polyakova, L.G.This paper aims to explore the characteristics of the pedagogical process in educational institutions within the USSR’s State Labor Reserves (SLR) system during Ukraine’s economic recovery following its liberation from German occupation. The study is based on materials from the Central State Archive of the Higher Regulatory and Administrative Authorities of Ukraine, the Central State Archive of the Public Associations of Ukraine, and several Ukrainian regional archives. An insight is provided into the key characteristics of the educational process in institutions within the Labor Reserves system. The process of training a young workforce in the SLR schools comprised the following key components: industrial training, instruction in special technical and general disciplines, citizenship training, and physical or military education. The primary focus was on enabling a person to gain some practical experience via industrial training, which took up the lion's share of the time. It may be argued that putting students undergoing practical training to work was essentially a way to exploit them for free labor. The study helped identify some of the key characteristics of educative work and student leisure in the Labor Reserves schools. The organization of extracurricular activities for youth in the Labor Reserves schools was based on paramilitary education. Student leisure activities were to have ideological and patriotic connotations. The authorities in charge of the SLR system generally frowned upon, and sought to counter students spending their free time informally.Item The Use of Practice-Based Assessments in Preparing Humanities and Social Sciences Specialists: The Case of Sumy State University (Ukraine)(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2021) Завгородня, Владислава Миколаївна; Завгородняя, Владислава Николаевна; Zavhorodnia, Vladyslava Mykolaivna; Славко, Анна Сергіївна; Славко, Анна Сергеевна; Slavko, Anna Serhiivna; Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Polyakova, L.G.This paper explores the potential for using practice-based assessments in higher education in preparing humanities and social sciences specialists. The authors tested a set of innovative methodologies for practice-based summative assessment of the progress made in learning certain disciplines by students majoring in Law, International Law, and History and Archaeology at Sumy State University (Ukraine). To assess the effectiveness of practice-based assessments, the authors employed anonymous surveying, tested students’ level of mastery of key theoretical concepts, and carried out a comparative analysis of the performance of students who took part in practice-based assessments and those who took exams in a traditional way. The conducted pedagogical experiment indicates the advisability of employing practice-based assessments as part of teaching humanities and social sciences disciplines. It revealed a significant increase in the level of preparation of students on subjects summative assessment around which was based on practical assignments. Having students train their practical skills can help them assimilate theoretical knowledge better and for a longer time and become more confident in their preparedness for their future profession. Practice-based assessments can also serve as a yardstick for gauging the effectiveness of instructors’ teaching methods and stimulate the quest for new ways of teaching and learning that can help meet the needs of the labor market and the interests of students pursuing a higher education as much as possible.Item Schools for Training Future Clerical Employees in the Russian Empire: Professional Staff and Characteristics of the Learning Process(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Назаров, Микола Сергiйович; Назаров, Николай Сергеевич; Nazarov, Mykola Serhiiovych; Polyakova, L.G.As the bureaucratic apparatus burgeoned in the Russian Empire, an urgent need arose to provide it with professional personnel. The government made a series of attempts to address the issue since the early 19th century. One effort comprised the organization of clerical workforce schools. The institutions were expected to staff various levels of numerous government bodies with properly trained clerks. In the paper, the authors adopted a comprehensive approach to highlight activities of schools for potential clerks. In particular, our study focused on the staff, financing policies in the educational institutions, functions performed by the management in the schools and supervisory bodies and learning process organization. With a variety of research works and sources reviewed, the authors can conclude that, in the environment of the ever growing functional and structural complexity of the bureaucratic apparatus in the Russian Empire, schools for future clerks considerably drove the development of professional qualities required in employees of the state bureaucracy. It was these educational institutions that to a large extend helped set up a flow of junior professional clerks to government agencies and authorities.Item Transformations in Public Education in the Ukrainian State in 1918. Part 2(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Завгородня, Владислава Миколаївна; Завгородняя, Владислава Николаевна; Zavhorodnia, Vladyslava Mykolaivna; Polyakova, L.G.This paper continues the authors’ analysis of the policy pursued by the government of the Ukrainian State in the area of public education in 1918. The primary focus in the work’s second part is on the government’s policy on preschool, primary, and secondary education. The key sources employed in the work are materials from the period’s periodical press, memoirs by contemporaries of the events, and published statutory enactments of the government of the Ukrainian State regulating policy on primary and secondary education. It is in the year 1918 that the primary, secondary, and higher education systems in the Ukrainian State were formalized legally. The government was deeply aware of the decisive role of the public education system in the development and strengthening of Ukrainian statehood. The authors drew the conclusion that primary and secondary schools in the region enjoyed a high level of autonomy in terms of organization of the educational process at the time. The exception was that government policy actively facilitated the Ukrainization of the educational process – by way of introduction of instruction in the Ukrainian language and disciplines related to Ukrainian studies. This was a positive influence amid the formation of a young Ukrainian state. Despite a challenging military/political and economic situation, the government did manage to provide most of the region’s educational facilities with all appropriate course materials. The government worked closely with local authorities and the public, which had a positive effect on the development of the systems of primary, secondary, and preschool education locally.Item Местная титулатура в системе гражданского чинопроизводства Российской империи на украинских землях в последней четверти ХVIII в.(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Назаров, Микола Сергiйович; Назаров, Николай Сергеевич; Nazarov, Mykola Serhiiovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.The article attempts to determine the proportion of officials who at the end of the 18th century used obsolete Ukrainian and Polish ranks in the context of the transition to the Russian imperial bureaucratic system. The dynamics of changes in the number of such employees during the last quarter of the eighteenth century was investigated. The authors identified the reasons why employees preferred obsolete titles to new ones. First, the earlier these officials provide to their owners a higher socio-political and social status. Secondly, representatives of local service elites at the end of the 18th century often did not understand their place in the social and bureaucratic system of the Russian Empire. The work uses published sources (for example, regulations from the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire and data from the annual Mesyatseslov) and little-known archival documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kiev.Item Становление системы материального обеспечения и поощрения гражданских чиновников Российской империи в конце ХVIII – первой половине ХІХ вв.(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Ткаченко, Олена Григорівна; Ткаченко, Елена Григорьевна; Tkachenko, Olena Hryhorivna; Polyakova, L.G.; Stepanova, D.I.Статья посвящена становлению системы материального обеспечения и мотивации чиновников гражданских ведомств Российской империи с конца ХVIII до середины ХІХ веков. Исследование проводилось на примере украинских губерний, входивших в изучаемый период в состав Российской империи. В частности, внимание уделено таким видам материальной мотивации, как заработная плата (жалованье), другие денежные выплаты, подарки и т.п. Авторы делают вывод о том, что в течение первой половины ХІХ в. награды и поощрения, которые правительство применяло по отношению к гражданским чиновникам, были окончательно систематизированы и регламентированы законодательно. Ведущее место среди них занимали именно материальные поощрения. Поощрение чиновников было одним из механизмов, с помощью которого обеспечивалось непрерывное функционирование бюрократического аппарата империи. На недавно включенных в состав Российской империи землях служебные поощрения также могли играть роль одного из элементов политики инкорпорации элит этих регионов в общественную и управленческую структуру империи. В целом в течение первой половины ХІХ века поощрения по отношению к государственным служащим Российской империи были окончательно систематизированы. Появились их конкретный набор и условия, при которых они применялисьItem Ivan Klyushnikov and His Time (1811−1895): the Poet’s Spiritual Quest(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Ткаченко, Олена Григорівна; Ткаченко, Елена Григорьевна; Tkachenko, Olena Hryhorivna; Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.For the first time, the facts of the life and creative path of the Russian poet Ivan Klyushnikov (1811– 1895) were collected, organized, and subjected to historical and literary understanding in the article. The specifics of the study were manifested in the involvement of a wide range of archival materials, authoritative printed sources, documenting the spiritual evolution of the personality. An active participant of Nikolai Stankevich's circle, Klyushnikov played a significant role in the spiritual life of Russia in the 1930s and 1940s. He influenced the formation of the worldviews of Stankevich, Belinsky, Turgenev, and many other representatives of the creative intelligentsia. Being an idealist, passionate about Hegel's philosophy, Klyushnikov considered enlightenment and thought to be the main engine of history. He believed that in the face of heightened political reaction and autocratic despotism, it was possible to improve life through spiritual influence on society. Widely educated, endowed with remarkable poetic talent, at the junction of the 30-40s of the century before last, caught between two geniuses – Pushkin and Lermontov, he managed in his own way, originally and uniquely, to convey the psychology of a "superfluous man", to show the tragedy of young idealists who aspired to good, justice and happiness, but because of the circumstances were unable to realize their dream. His poetry is the confession of a man who has gone in his development from romantic illusions to the consciousness of his insolvency in all spheres of life. Having distanced himself from public life in fact in the heyday of creativity, choosing the fate of a hermit, Klyushnikov spent about 50 years in the distant wilderness alone, having done everything to be forgotten.