Видання зареєстровані авторами шляхом самоархівування
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Item Border Battle: Fighting on the Ukrainian-Moscow Border in 1660–1661(Cherkas Global University, 2022) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Osadchij, E.M.; Gut, J.The article is devoted to the events that took place on the border between the Muscovy and the Zaporizhzhya Army in the autumn of 1660 – in the spring of 1661. In the autumn of 1660, an expeditionary corps under the command of the boyar Vasily Sheremetyev was surrounded and defeated on the Right-Bank Ukraine. At the same time, Hetman Yuri Khmelnitsky entered into an alliance with the Commonwealth against the Muscovy. This was the reason for the open action of several left-bank Cossack regiments. The most active anti-Moscow speeches were in the Poltava and Gadyach regiments. In the winter of 1660– 1661, the Cossack detachments of these regiments undertook several campaigns in order to attack the Moscow border fortresses. The cities of Kamenny, Aleshnya and Volny were taken under siege. The Moscow garrisons were able to repulse these attacks, however, their fortifications were badly damaged and their supplies depleted. Heavy losses led to the fact that the garrisons of the border fortresses went on the defensive and could not actively oppose the Cossack detachments. In the autumn of 1660, on the orders of the tsar, the Belgorod governor sent several detachments to "pacify" the Cossack cities. Under the cities of Gadyach and Zinkov, Moscow troops entered into battle with the Cossacks, but they could not take these fortresses. In the winter of 1660, hetman Petr Doroshenko arrives in Zinkov. At the disposal of the Moscow governor was no more than 3,000 infantry and cavalry, and the Ukrainian hetman had 6,000 Cossacks. In the spring of 1661, a detachment of Cossacks near the town of Grun in a decisive battle were defeated and fled. Shortly thereafter, the Poltava and Gadyach regiments stopped the fight against the Muscovite kingdom and confirmed the oath to the tsar. As a result of the analysis of published sources and their own research, the authors found that in the confrontation between the two armies – the Moscow and the Cossack at the first stage of the battle, the advantage was on the side of the latter. Flexible tactics and numerical superiority made the positions of the Cossacks stronger in defense and successful in attack. Subsequently, the change in command of the Cossack troops led to the fact that less numerous, but more organized detachments of the Moscow regular troops were able not only to repulse the attack, but also inflict a decisive defeat on the enemy.Item Ukrainian Cossack and Noble Family Kostenetsky: the Historiographic and Source Analysis(Cherkas Global University; Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o, 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Зякун, Алла Іванівна; Зякун, Алла Ивановна; Ziakun, Alla Ivanivna; Gut, J.; Polyakova, L.G.The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities for researching the history of the family of the ancient Ukrainian cossack and noble family of the Kostenetsky. Thus, the work has both a historiographical and a source study character. The authors analyzed the developments of scientists of the XIX – early XXI centuries on the specified topic. They are all largely fragmentary. There are no comprehensive studies about the Kostenetsky clan or about its individual representatives. At the same time, there is a large array of published and unpublished historical sources. The most informative of them are archival documents. They are also the least studied by scientists. The overwhelming majority of these documents are kept in the state archives of the Sumy and Chernigov regions, the Institute of Manuscripts of the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I. Vernadsky (Ukraine) and the Russian State Historical Archives (Russia). These documents contain information about personal/family life, education, career of members of the Kostenetsky family. When working with sources on this topic, the need to use a critical method was emphasized. This will make it possible to obtain the most reliable historical data about the representatives of the Kostenetsky family.Item Neurasthenia and "Spirit of 1914": A Causal Relationship (on the Materials of the Right-Bank Ukraine)(Cherkas Global University; Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o, 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Romanyuk, I.M.; Gut, J.; Polyakova, L.G.Using newspaper materials of Right-Bank Ukraine at the beginning of the twentieth century. and theoretical developments of domestic and foreign experts, the authors investigated one of the little-known aspects of the history of the First World War – the role of the mental state of the population in the formation of public attitudes at the beginning of wartime – a historical phenomenon that entered science under the name of the "spirit of 1914". During the post-reform period, the region experienced a trend characteristic of European countries and Russia – an unprecedented spread of mental illnesses among the urban population, the most famous of which was neurasthenia. This disease was caused by the impact of rapidly developing modernist processes on the psyche of the townspeople. Correspondingly, this process affected the Right-Bank Ukraine – the leading region in terms of urbanization in the Russian Empire, where in 1897 a specialized medical institution was created by the government. The authors investigated the statistics of suicides in Kiev, which both indicated the dynamics of the growth of neurotic diseases among urban residents in the pre-war years, and testified to the opposite in the initial period of the First World War. According to the authors, this effect occurred due to the specific property of neurasthenia to instantly concentrate the early senselessly wasted human energy with lightning speed and direct it into the mainstream of the extreme historical moment that is being experienced – the declaration of war. It was the finding of neurasthenics in the process of internal emotional rebirth that contributed to their pro-war moods.Item Первая мировая война и коллективная визуальная иллюзия: случай в Житомире(Cherkas Global University; Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o, 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Gerasymov, T.Yu.; Gut, J.; Polyakova, L.G.На основании материалов периодической прессы 1914–1915 гг. и научных работ специалистов по истории Первой мировой войны и социальной психологии авторы всесторонне изучили случай коллективной визуальной иллюзии. Запечатлен он житомирской газетой «Жизнь Волыни» в конце лета 1915 г., когда собравшаяся в центре города толпа ошибочно приняла лунный отблеск креста на церкви за неприятельский военный аэроплан, тревожно ожидая бомбардировки с воздуха. Проанализировав исторические условия, при которых возникло данное социальное явление, авторы пришли к выводу, что оно было следствием существующего в тыловом городе коллективного представления о войне, имеющего преимущественно иррациональный, воображаемый характер, сформированный главным образом посредством распространяемых слухов и ангажированной периодической печати. Тому подтверждением служат газетные и архивные материалы, которые в первый год войны не зафиксировали ни единого случая воздушной атаки на волынский губернский центр, а также статистика применения военной авиации того периода, фактически полностью исключающая вероятность воздушной бомбардировки города в последние дни августа 1915 г. Авторы детально рассмотрели указанное событие в Житомире в социально-психологическом разрезе, выяснив природу присущего тому времени социального страха, вызвавшего паническую реакцию толпы на мнимую воздушную угрозу, механизмы его распространения в скоплениях людей, особенности образного восприятия толпы и поведения ее участников.Item Representatives of the Unprivileged Social Groups of the Former Hetmanate on Public Service of the Russian Empire (on the example of the Peasant-Cossack Kunits Family)(Cherkas Global University; Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o, 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Назаров, Микола Сергiйович; Назаров, Николай Сергеевич; Nazarov, Mykola Serhiiovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.Based on archival materials and other documentary sources, the authors studied the history of the little-known Ukrainian peasant-cossack Kunits family, who lived on the territory of the Konotop Cossack Hundred of the Hetmanate (eventually – Konotopsky uyezd of Chernihiv province). It was found out that the representatives of this family were peasants at the beginning of the XVIII century, but over time, probably, they were able to pass into the cossack state. After the final incorporation of the Hetmanate into the empire, the russian government made active attempts to reformat the social structure of the population of Ukraine on the russian model. A large stratum of Cossacks was dissolved in almost all social groups. But many of its representatives were given the opportunity to serve in state institutions in lower positions. A large number of cossacks took advantage of this. This gave them the opportunity to occupy a relatively comfortable niche in the social structure of the Russian Empire. The representatives of the Kunits family clearly illustrate this. According to the authors, the reconstruction of biographies of ordinary representatives of society, including small officials, makes it possible to more objectively assess certain historical phenomena and processes. In this case, some aspects of the development of the bureaucratic apparatus in the Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire at the end of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries are clarified.Item The Social Background of Functionaries in the Russian Empire’s Public Education Sector in the First Half of the 19th century: The Case of the Ukrainian Governorates(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.This paper is focused on a specific component of the bureaucratic apparatus in the Russian Empire – educational functionaries. More specifically, the work explores the social background of educational functionaries in the Ukrainian lands in the first half of the 19th century. The authors composed data samples on Taurida, Volhynian, and Poltava Governorates covering the years 1830 and 1850. Use was made of a body of little-known archival documentation from the State Archive of Kharkov Oblast and the Central State Archive of Ukraine in Kiev. The authors explored the regional characteristics of the way educational institutions in rightbank, leftbank, and southern Ukrainian governorates were staffed with functionaries. The work attempted to determine how the areas’ numbers of members of the various social groups in pedagogical service correlate with each other. It was found that, despite the low popularity of pedagogical service among the nobility, there were quite many members of this estate serving in the public education sector. However, due to a major need for teacher functionaries the government had to express a favorable attitude toward the hiring of members of other social groups willing to serve in educational institutions across the Russian Empire. This explains the significant number of members of the lower estates employed in the sector as well.Item Местная титулатура в системе гражданского чинопроизводства Российской империи на украинских землях в последней четверти ХVIII в.(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Назаров, Микола Сергiйович; Назаров, Николай Сергеевич; Nazarov, Mykola Serhiiovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.The article attempts to determine the proportion of officials who at the end of the 18th century used obsolete Ukrainian and Polish ranks in the context of the transition to the Russian imperial bureaucratic system. The dynamics of changes in the number of such employees during the last quarter of the eighteenth century was investigated. The authors identified the reasons why employees preferred obsolete titles to new ones. First, the earlier these officials provide to their owners a higher socio-political and social status. Secondly, representatives of local service elites at the end of the 18th century often did not understand their place in the social and bureaucratic system of the Russian Empire. The work uses published sources (for example, regulations from the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire and data from the annual Mesyatseslov) and little-known archival documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kiev.Item Ivan Klyushnikov and His Time (1811−1895): the Poet’s Spiritual Quest(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Ткаченко, Олена Григорівна; Ткаченко, Елена Григорьевна; Tkachenko, Olena Hryhorivna; Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.For the first time, the facts of the life and creative path of the Russian poet Ivan Klyushnikov (1811– 1895) were collected, organized, and subjected to historical and literary understanding in the article. The specifics of the study were manifested in the involvement of a wide range of archival materials, authoritative printed sources, documenting the spiritual evolution of the personality. An active participant of Nikolai Stankevich's circle, Klyushnikov played a significant role in the spiritual life of Russia in the 1930s and 1940s. He influenced the formation of the worldviews of Stankevich, Belinsky, Turgenev, and many other representatives of the creative intelligentsia. Being an idealist, passionate about Hegel's philosophy, Klyushnikov considered enlightenment and thought to be the main engine of history. He believed that in the face of heightened political reaction and autocratic despotism, it was possible to improve life through spiritual influence on society. Widely educated, endowed with remarkable poetic talent, at the junction of the 30-40s of the century before last, caught between two geniuses – Pushkin and Lermontov, he managed in his own way, originally and uniquely, to convey the psychology of a "superfluous man", to show the tragedy of young idealists who aspired to good, justice and happiness, but because of the circumstances were unable to realize their dream. His poetry is the confession of a man who has gone in his development from romantic illusions to the consciousness of his insolvency in all spheres of life. Having distanced himself from public life in fact in the heyday of creativity, choosing the fate of a hermit, Klyushnikov spent about 50 years in the distant wilderness alone, having done everything to be forgotten.