Видання зареєстровані авторами шляхом самоархівування
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Item Are Peasant Households Feasible in Terms of Policy? The Debate on the Future of Semi-Subsistence Households in Ukraine(Sciendo, 2020) Коблянська, Інна Ігорівна; Koblianska, Inna Ihorivna; Pasko, O.; Hordiyenko, M.; Ярова, Інесса Євгенівна; Yarova, Inessa YevhenivnaThe paper provides an analysis of semi-subsistence farming in Ukraine during the period 2008–2018, with a special focus on policy towards peasant households, and its feasibility. Ukraine currently has several strategic documents that set the vectors for regulating the development of the industry. The current policy on the strategic development of agriculture, rural areas, and support for farming is found to be chaotic and inconsistent. The paper confirms the thesis regarding the low economic efficiency of natural farming, and given the specific weight of households in the production of certain types of food, emphasises that public costs for ensuring the country's food security are thus fairly high. The overall identified trends in the Ukrainian countryside are a) the reduction of land size, naturalisation of economic activity and reduction of market activity (farms, as a rule, keep cattle, poultry and bees, although the safety and quality of livestock products produced in such farms is rather dubious); and b) the enlargement of individual peasant households and their focus on commodity production of agricultural products (mainly crops), with the simultaneous distortion of reported production volumes and, accordingly, tax evasion. Thus, private peasant households (PPHs) appear as economic structures with a special status: on the one hand, they can be considered as full participants in the market of agri-food products (in terms of sales and production), but on the other hand they are not recognised as entrepreneurial structures. This has negative consequences for the local economy as a whole. PPHs are a legalised form of informal employment, an informal entrepreneurial activity. PPHs are, in our opinion, enjoying preferential status in comparison with that of farmers. Furthermore, existing measures (often patchy and haphazard) of political regulation only deepen the problematic functioning of semi-subsistence farms; and taking into account the peculiarities of tax regulation and the obligatory participation of household members in the pension system, in our opinion, they only intensify the crisis in the rural economy and related social problems.We find that PPHs in their present form (we stress the last four words) are manifestly untenable, and policy-wise are not feasible for Ukraine. The long-term strategy of reforming this crucial part of Ukraine's agriculture should not include new innovations, but be wisely tailored to Ukraine's conditions within the EU. PPHs ought to be accommodated within and be part and parcel of the tax system, and then be an element of future balanced and sustainable rural development. To achieve the latter aim, the recalibration of tax and legal regulations, underpinned by solid strategic policy, is desperately needed.Item Renewable energy innovation in Europe: Energy efficiency analysis(E3S Web of Conferences, 2021) Колосок, Світлана Іванівна; Колосок, Светлана Ивановна; Kolosok, Svitlana Ivanivna; Мирошниченко, Юлія Олександрівна; Мирошниченко, Юлия Александровна; Myroshnychenko, Yuliia Oleksandrivna; Мішеніна, Галина Анатоліївна; Мишенина, Галина Анатольевна; Mishenina, Halyna Anatoliivna; Ярова, Інесса Євгенівна; Яровая, Инесса Евгеньевна; Yarova, Inessa YevhenivnaУ цьому рукописі ми досліджуємо важливість інновацій у відновлюваній енергетиці для досягнення інклюзивних і сталих цілей та енергетичної безпеки держави. Основна увага в дослідженнях приділяється дослідженню впливу регуляторної політики та фіскальних стимулів на досягнення цілей у відновлюваній енергетиці. Використовуючи енергетичні дані для 28 європейських країн за період 1990–2018 років, ми оцінюємо зв’язок між обсягами відновлюваної енергії та енергоефективністю. Статистичний аналіз ми виконали на Python. Наші результати показують, що частка енергії з відновлюваних джерел позитивно корелює з усіма показниками енергоефективності, крім енергопродуктивності.Item Operationalizing the Sustainable Fertilizer Management Global Initiative at National Level: A Conceptual Framework(Polissia National University, 2022) Мішенін, Євген Васильович; Мишенин, Евгений Васильевич; Mishenin, Yevhen Vasylovych; Koblianska, I.; Ярова, Інесса Євгенівна; Яровая, Инесса Евгеньевна; Yarova, Inessa Yevhenivna; Kovalova, O.; Klochko, T.Humanity is tasked with finding a balance between the need to increase the amount of food and the negative socio-environmental and economic consequences of the irrational use of fertilisers. At the global level, a number of initiatives have been launched to consolidate countries' efforts to address this problem. However, existing national fertiliser management systems and policies are characterised by insufficient consistency and low efficiency. This study aims to formulate a conceptual framework for developing a national sustainable fertiliser management system that meets the principles set out in existing global initiatives. Through the generalisation of the content of existing intergovernmental initiatives on sustainable fertiliser management, the subject composition was formulated, and estimates of the relationship between fertiliser application and public health (through the number of cancer diseases) through the use of regression analysis methods, assessment of economic damage from irrational fertilisation served as a substantiation (illustration of the importance of highlighting) of components covering: awareness, knowledge, tools. The national sustainable fertiliser management system is considered three-dimensional integrity containing the following interrelated components: government, fertiliser production and supply industries, and users. The functioning of this system is seen as a continuous process of raising awareness, generating and transferring knowledge, selecting and applying appropriate tools, and improving fertiliser application practices in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, with the leading role of government. The process of raising awareness of all actors of the system about the problem of irrational fertilisation is proposed to be considered in a broader context – through the demonstration of negative consequences not only for the environment (soil condition), but also from the standpoint of the impact on public health and related consequences – through the assessment of economic damage caused by pollution and consumption of food containing harmful substances. The main principles of interaction of subjects in this system should be the following: professionalism, transparency, information support, etc. Special attention should be paid to the formulation of a set of strategic goals that would lay the foundation for the development of control and evaluation procedures, a system for monitoring and reviewing mechanisms for economic incentives for fertiliser use, considering the social and environmental aspects of fertiliser use.Item Optimizing a portfolio of agri-environmental investments(Institute of Eastern European Research and Consulting, 2022) Мішенін, Євген Васильович; Мишенин, Евгений Васильевич; Mishenin, Yevhen Vasylovych; Мареха, Ірина Сергіївна; Мареха, Ирина Сергеевна; Marekha, Iryna Serhiivna; Ярова, Інесса Євгенівна; Яровая, Инесса Евгеньевна; Yarova, Inessa Yevhenivna; Kovalova, O.; Pizniak, T.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate theoretical-and-methodological provisions for building investment portfolios in agribusiness by the criterion of minimizing environmental risk of selected investment-financing strategies. Methodology / approach. In the article, on the basis of the dialectical method of cognition, the following methods were used: abstract-logical – in the systematization of scientific papers on the problem of diversification and optimization of the agricultural investment portfolio; system analysis and comparison – in the study of portfolio theories and concepts; computational and constructive – in the analysis of environmental-and-economic factors of the profitability of agricultural land use; economic-and-mathematical modeling – in the process of modeling the optimal portfolio of agri-environmental investments by the criterion of minimizing the risk of a particular investor, caused by the action of soil degradation factor in Sumy region. The materials of the Main Department of Statistics in Sumy region and the Sumy regional branch of the Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine have formed the informational basis of the research. Results. The optimization of the agri-environmental investment portfolio is due to the modification of the approach by the American Economist H. Markowitz “risk-return analysis” and its adaptation to the conditions of real investment. The paper uses a conservative approach to investment, which involves the construction of portfolios on the criterion of minimizing investment risk due to the influence of soil degradation for a particular investor. This factor requires the determination of the investor’s environmentally related risk, which manifests itself in the following directions: a) a decrease in crop yield due to the action of the factor of high soil pH; b) a decrease in the sales price for crop products because of contamination with heavy metals; c) an increase in the cost of agricultural production in deteriorated ecological conditions. Evaluation of agribusiness investment attractiveness on environmental-and-economic grounds provides for the consideration of the above areas from the standpoint of state, banking, foreign investment and self-investment. Assessment of investment quality identification is performed on the basis of calculation of the investor’s income elasticities to environmental risks on the example of Sumy region, which provides investment rationality decisions in the field of agricultural land use, considering environmental factors. It is substantiated that the highest investment quality is characterized by the bank’s investment financing strategy. Originality / scientific novelty. The methodological approach to the definition of investor’s environmental risk in agricultural land use is improved. It is calculated considering the influence of factors of environmental destruction of land and soil resources (soil pH, pollution with heavy metals, etc.) on sources of profit, as well as with the definition of returns on investment resources (crop yield, ecological sales price, and income). The system of environmental-and-economic indicators in the formation of the investment portfolio is substantiated, including the following: the structure of investments, which is developed considering the influence of the environmental factor; portfolio investment risk due to environmental factors; and the investment portfolio yield adjusted for the level of environmental risk which provides an assessment of the investment attractiveness of agricultural land use on an environmental-economic basis. A methodical approach to substantiate investment decisions in the agriculture of the Sumy region is proposed, which along with considering the environmental factor, is in calculating the elasticities of investor’s income to the environmental-and-economic risks, which increase the correctness of financial decision-making. Practical value / implications. Theoretical-and-methodological provisions and conclusions obtained in the study can be used to justify the direction of investment capital in the field of agricultural land use, considering the level of environmental-and-economic constraints.Item Еволюція удосконалення нормативної грошової оцінки земель сільськогосподарського призначення(Інститут східноєвропейських досліджень та консалтингу, 2021) Ковальова, О.; Ярова, Інесса Євгенівна; Яровая, Инесса Евгеньевна; Yarova, Inessa Yevhenivna; Мішеніна, Галина Анатоліївна; Мишенина, Галина Анатольевна; Mishenina, Halyna Anatoliivna; Пізняк, Т.; Дутченко, Олег Миколайович; Дутченко, Олег Николаевич; Dutchenko, Oleh MykolaiovychМета статті – поглиблення концептуальних положень нормативної грошової оцінки земель сільськогосподарського призначення на основі аналізу методології економіки землекористування, закладеноїв основу Методик нормативної грошової оцінки земель сільськогосподарського призначення (1995р., 2016р.), для більшої відповідності сучасному етапу агрогосподарювання в умовах формування ринкового обігу земель сільськогосподарського призначення. Методологія / методика / підхід. У статті на основі діалектичного методу пізнання використано методи: абстрактно-логічний – при систематизації публікацій, присвячених питанню використання та оцінки земель сільськогосподарського призначення;аналізу, синтезу, порівняння при аналізі та порівнянні теоретико-методичних положень, покладених в основу офіційних Методик нормативної грошової оцінки земель сільськогосподарського призначення 1995 та 2016 років;метод узагальнення – при формуванні висновків; графічний метод — для візуалізації характеристик землі як триєдиного засобу виробництва; розрахунково-конструктивний —при розробці методичних підходів до визначення диференційного рентного доходу та нормативної грошової оцінки землі та розрахунку значення нормативної грошової оцінки орних земель кращої та гіршої якості для природно-кліматичної зони Лісостеп Сумської області.При написанні статті використовували наукові праці вітчизняних і закордонних вчених за період 1995–2020рр., а також дані офіційних сайтів Державної служби України з питань геодезії, картографії та кадастру та Державної служби статистики України.