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Item Ultrastructural changes in type 2 alveolocytes in young rats on the background of chronic hyperglycemia(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Abdul-Rahman, T.; Awuah Wireko, A.; Теслик, Тетяна Петрівна; Teslyk, Tetiana Petrivna; Дмитрук, Сергій Миколайович; Dmytruk, Serhii Mykolaiovych; Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Shkolna, Iryna IvanivnaDiabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a group of metabolic diseases with a global distribution and severe complications. It is caused by insulin deficiency, which with time leads to development of pathological changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory, and other systems. Several studies have shown some features and the connection of structural changes of the lungs with DM, however very little is known regarding ultrastructural changes of type 2 alveolocytes (AT2). Materials and methods The study involved 24 white non-linear male laboratory rats which were divided into two groups (experimental and intact). The experimental group was further divided into two subgroups depending on the duration of study: the first group with hyperglycemia for 30 days, and the second with hyperglycemia for 60 days. For the experimental modeling of hyperglycemia, the rats were injected once subcutaneously with solution of alloxan monohydrate hyperglycemia. Results AT2 of the intact group had a high degree of differentiation with plates of high electron density. In AT2 of rats with hyperglycemia for 30 days, there were signs of vacuolation, mass accumulation of primary and secondary lysosomes, and lamellar bodies were grouped as conglomerates. In AT2 of the rats with 60 days of hyperglycemia, nuclei with scalloped contour, karyoplasmic outgrowths and intussusception, and condensation of heterochromatin were observed. Conclusion Under conditions of experimental chronic hyperglycemia, proliferation and destruction of AT2 are observed, which is the morphological basis for the violation of surfactant synthesis and immunocompetent properties in lung tissues of young rats.Item Structural changes of long tubular bones of mature rats under the hyperglycemia(ALUNA Publishing House, 2021) Понирко, Аліна Олексіївна; Понырко, Алина Алексеевна; Ponyrko, Alina Oleksiivna; Бумейстер, Валентина Іванівна; Бумейстер, Валентина Ивановна; Bumeister, Valentyna Ivanivna; Дмитрук, Сергій Миколайович; Дмитрук, Сергей Николаевич; Dmytruk, Serhii Mykolaiovych; Ярмоленкo, Ольга Сергіївна; Ярмоленко, Ольга Сергеевна; Yarmolenkо, Olha Serhiivna; Теслик, Тетяна Петрівна; Теслик, Татьяна Петровна; Teslyk, Tetiana Petrivna; Рябенко, Тетяна Василівна; Рябенко, Татьяна Васильевна; Riabenko, Tetiana Vasylivna; Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Школьная, Ирина Ивановна; Shkolna, Iryna IvanivnaThe aim: To evaluate morphological changes in long tubular bones of mature rats under the influence of experimental hyperglycemia. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 140 nonlinear white male rats divided into two groups. The experimental group included rats that were introduced into a state of hyperglycemia by a single intraperitoneal injection of an alloxan dihydrate solution at a dose of 150 mg / kg body weight in 0.9% sodium chloride. The control group included rats that were injected with a similar volume of 0.9% sodium chloride one time intraperitoneally. The animals were taken out of the experiment on the 2nd, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, 150th and 180th day. Right and left femur and humerus were studied by morphometric and histological methods. Results: Under conditions of prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia in mature rats, there is a slowdown in the growth rate of length and thickness of femur and humerus. This is indicated by a significant decrease in the length of bone and its diaphyses, as well as by a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the diaphysis, the width of the proximal and distal epiphyses, starting from 120 and 90 days of the experiment, respectively. The relative area of trabecular tissue, thickness of trabeculae and epiphyseal cartilage decreases in comparison with animals of the control group. The diameter of osteons and their channels increases in cortical tissue. Changes in the microarchitecture of the trabecular and cortical compartments of femur and humerus under conditions of hyperglycemia are similar and are characterized by a reduced bone mass, bone disorder progression and remodeling disorders. Conclusions: Prolonged uncontrolled experimental hyperglycemia leads to slow growth of femur and humerus in mature rats, which is accompanied by an increase in microarchitecture disorder of the trabecular and cortical compartments, causing miniaturization of bones and, consequently, violation of their biomechanical properties and increased risk of fractures.Item Diagnostic of the athlete’s heart and factors affecting its developing(Aluna Publishing, 2021) Попов, Сергій Віталійович; Попов, Сергей Витальевич; Popov, Serhii Vitaliiovych; Сміян, Олександр Іванович; Смиян, Александр Иванович; Smiian, Oleksandr Ivanovych; Лобода, Андрій Миколайович; Лобода, Андрей Николаевич; Loboda, Andrii Mykolaiovych; Петрашенко, Вікторія Олександрівна; Петрашенко, Виктория Александровна; Petrashenko, Viktoriia Oleksandrivna; Редько, Олена Костянтинівна; Редько, Елена Константиновна; Redko, Olena Kostiantynivna; Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Школьная, Ирина Ивановна; Shkolna, Iryna Ivanivna; Юрченко, Алла Владиславівна; Юрченко, Алла Владиславовна; Yurchenko, Alla VladyslavivnaThe aim: Studying the features of the structure and function of the heart in athletes and identifying the factors that influence the development of these changes. Materials and methods: The study included 54 athletes, 29 men and 25 women. The ultrasound study was performed according to standard methods with determining the size of the main structures of the heart, indicators normalized to body surface area, height. Results: The heart of dilatation and hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium were found in 25.93% of the athletes. When comparing the diameter of the left ventricle of individual athletes with the average values of the norm, their excess was found in 94.44% of athletes. The Odds ratio (OR) of the relationship between left ventricle diameter (LVd) and time of the exercise less than 10 y was 16.13, time of the exercise less than 5 y – 0.17 (p <0.05). OR of increase LVd to age less than 20 years was 3.56 units (p <0.05). The ejection fraction was above the normative mean in 75.93%, as well as the ratio of the periods of filling of the ventricles. Conclusions: The most common sign of an athlete’s heart development was left ventricular dilatation, which occurred at a rate of 25 percent. Age less than 20 years and the duration of sports activities from 5 to 10 years is associated with a higher frequency of the athlete’s heart.Item Neonatal septic hepatitis(Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021) Toufik, A.R.; Wireko, A.A.; Плахута, Валентина Анатоліївна; Плахута, Валентина Анатольевна; Plakhuta, Valentyna Anatoliivna; Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Школьная, Ирина Ивановна; Shkolna, Iryna IvanivnaClinical symptoms of septic hepatitis are accompanied by jaundice, in most children hepatomegaly and hemorrhagic syndrome. The main laboratory criteria for septic hepatitis were: conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (100%), decreased prothrombin index (78%) and increased levels of ALT and AST (72%). The most unfavorable prognosis was observed as a result of penetration of the pathogen into the liver through the umbilical vein. In these cases, morphologically formed necrotic hepatitis with total damage to all parts of the hepatobiliary system. The clinical symptoms of the disease were characterized by severe hepatic insufficiency with impaired basic liver function and very high mortality.Item The lead content in biological media term infants with hypoxic-ischemic CNS(Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, 2021) Касян, Світлана Миколаївна; Касян, Светлана Николаевна; Kasian, Svitlana Mykolaivna; Лобода, Андрій Миколайович; Лобода, Андрей Николаевич; Loboda, Andrii Mykolaiovych; Сміян, Олександр Іванович; Смиян, Александр Иванович; Smiian, Oleksandr Ivanovych; Попов, Сергій Віталійович; Попов, Сергей Витальевич; Popov, Serhii Vitaliiovych; Петрашенко, Вікторія Олександрівна; Петрашенко, Виктория Александровна; Petrashenko, Viktoriia Oleksandrivna; Zahorodnii, M. P.; Зайцев, Ігор Едуардович; Зайцев, Игорь Эдуардович; Zaitsev, Ihor Eduardovych; Редько, Олена Костянтинівна; Редько, Елена Константиновна; Redko, Olena Kostiantynivna; Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Школьная, Ирина Ивановна; Shkolna, Iryna IvanivnaIntroduction: The frequency of births of infants with perinatal pathology has increased in recent years. The aim of this study is to determination of lead content in the biomedias of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic damage of the central nervous system (CNS). Materials and Methods: We studied influence of the lead content in children, which were born with hypoxicischemic lesion CNS (HIL CNS). Determination of this microelement was carried out in the blood serum, erythrocytes and urine of 30 newborn infants which were suffered from asphyxia after birth. The comparison group consisted of 30 healthy full-term newborns. Results: In the biomedias of children with the HIL of the central nervous system, a toxic trace element of lead has been identified which is poorly retained in the placenta, so the fetus is more vulnerable to its toxic effects in the prenatal period. In the article the features of the lead content in serum, erythrocytes and urine in term infants which were born with hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions are investigated. This group of subjects had increased serum and erythrocyte concentration of lead. The high content of lead in the erythrocytes of children with hypoxia which is already at birth may indicate a transplacental penetration of this toxic trace element and the possibility of its negative impact on the course of pregnancy. Conclusions: The prognostic significance of the lead content was high. Thus, the informative index (Ī) for lead content in serum is 7.40, and the prognostic factor (PC) is + 15.1. As for the prognostic value of the lead content in erythrocytes and urine, very high predictor properties are established for them: Ī = 7.44; PC = + 7.0 and Ī = 13.42; PC = + 16.1 respectively.Item Clinical-endoscopic features and effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children(Sumy State University, 2020) Kondratska, N.; Yusupova, A.; Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Школьная, Ирина Ивановна; Shkolna, Iryna IvanivnaМетою дослідження було вивчення клініко-ендоскопічних особливостей та ефективності лікування хронічних захворювань шлунково-кишкового тракту у дітей. Лікування хворих на хронічний гастродуоденіт, виразку шлунку та дванадцятипалої кишки повинно бути комплексним. Реабілітаційна терапія позитивно впливає на функцію пошкодженого органу та систем, що призводить до тривалої морфологічної ремісії хронічного гастродуоденіту, виразки шлунку та дванадцятипалої кишки.Item Crystallographic investigation of urine in newborn with renal disturbance due to asphyxia(Aluna Publishing, 2020) Петрашенко, Вікторія Олександрівна; Петрашенко, Виктория Александровна; Petrashenko, Viktoriia Oleksandrivna; Лобода, Андрій Миколайович; Лобода, Андрей Николаевич; Loboda, Andrii Mykolaiovych; Сміян, Олександр Іванович; Смиян, Александр Иванович; Smiian, Oleksandr Ivanovych; Попов, Сергій Віталійович; Попов, Сергей Витальевич; Popov, Serhii Vitaliiovych; Зайцев, Ігор Едуардович; Зайцев, Игорь Эдуардович; Zaitsev, Ihor Eduardovych; Редько, Олена Костянтинівна; Редько, Елена Константиновна; Redko, Olena Kostiantynivna; Касян, Світлана Миколаївна; Касян, Светлана Николаевна; Kasian, Svitlana Mykolaivna; Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Школьная, Ирина Ивановна; Shkolna, Iryna Ivanivna; Сміян, Світлана Анатоліївна; Смиян, Светлана Анатольевна; Smiian, Svitlana AnatoliivnaМета - підвищення ефективності діагностики ураження нирок у новонароджених з асфіксією за рахунок виявлення структурних маркерів за даними дослідження сечі у новонароджених різного гестаційного віку. Матеріали та методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 150 доношених дітей з ознаками ураження нирок внаслідок асфіксії: 75 дітей з важкою асфіксією і 75 дітей з помірним ступенем асфіксії і 100 недоношених дітей: 50 дітей з важкою асфіксією і 50 дітей з помірною. Групи порівняння: 1-а група - 20 доношених дітей, 2-я група - включені 20 недоношених новонароджених. Матеріал для дослідження - ранкова порція сечі, яку збирають в 8-10 годин ранку на 1-2 і 7-8 дні життя. Результати: морфологічна картина особи новонароджених з асфіксією залежить від вираженості патологічних змін сечі (протеїнурія) і діурезу. Структура особи у немовлят з порушенням функції нирок внаслідок важкої асфіксії свідчить про значну втрату органічних і мінеральних речовин з сечею. Ширина периферійної зони, кількість переносите твердих частинок залежить від ступеня тяжкості асфіксії, відмінність морфології фацій зберігається навіть в кінці раннього періоду новонародженості. Висновки: Аналіз сухих крапель сечі у дітей грудного віку з порушенням функції нирок на тлі асфіксії може бути використаний як один з критеріїв оцінки функції нирок. і мають прогностичне значення.Item Content of lead and nickel in mothers' hair and their children which were born with intrauterina growth restriction(2019) Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Школьная, Ирина Ивановна; Shkolna, Iryna Ivanivna; Shvachko, D.VHeavy metals are considered to be harmful, since they are toxic, not biochemical decay, have a long half-life in the soil and accumulate by living organisms through food or air. Hair can be used as a marker for the long-term effects of toxic elements, the study of their effects on the body of fetus and newborn is of particular importance. The level of lead in hair of mothers which born full-term newborns with IUGR was 2,4 times higher than who born fullterm children. This can be explained by the excess intake of the above element woman’s body through food, water or lead-contaminated air.Item Features of content of toxic elements in mothers and their children which were born with intrauterine growth restriction(2019) Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Школьная, Ирина Ивановна; Shkolna, Iryna Ivanivna; Маркевич, Віталій Едуардович; Маркевич, Виталий Эдуардович; Markevych, Vitalii Eduardovych; Murza, Yu.OWe study the content of Cr and Cd in women hair and their children, which were born with intrauterine growth restriction. In hair of children with intrauterine growth restriction found low content of Cr, which is due to a violation of the transport and depositing functions of the placenta.Item Protective role of the placenta against toxic effects of cadmium(Sumy State University, 2016) Школьна, Ірина Іванівна; Школьная, Ирина Ивановна; Shkolna, Iryna Ivanivna; Лобода, Андрій Миколайович; Лобода, Андрей Николаевич; Loboda, Andrii Mykolaiovych; Маркевич, Віталій Едуардович; Маркевич, Виталий Эдуардович; Markevych, Vitalii EduardovychThe placenta has a number of features that ensure the passage of many biological substances to the fetus, as well as the function of barrier for certain substances. According to researchers, it can be used as a marker of unfavorable environmental action.