Факультет технічних систем і енергоефективних технологій (ТеСЕТ)
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Item Diversity of Peritricha (Ciliophora) in Activated Sludge Depending on the Technology of Wastewater Treatment(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering, 2024) Babko, R.; Кузьміна, Тетяна Миколаївна; Kuzmina, Tetiana Mykolaivna; Pliashechnyk, V.; Zaburko, J.; Szulżyk-Cieplak, J.; Łagód, G.The representation of Peritricha ciliates was studied in the activated sludge of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), one of which operates using a technology that includes alternating aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic condi tions in bioreactors (Lublin, Poland), and the other – only aerobic conditions (Sumy, Ukraine). During the study, 14 Peritricha species were identified in the WWTP Lublin, and 13 species were identified in the WWTP Sumy. The similarity of species lists was 81.5% (Sørensen index). On the basis of on the similarity and taking into account the occurrence rate (≥ 60%), a common group of Peritricha species characteristic of the activated sludge from these two types of treatment facilities was identified, which includes 4 species of colonial Peritricha: Carchesium polypinum, Epistylis coronata, Epistylis longicaudatum and Opercularia articulata, and also 4 species of solitary Peritricha: Vorticella aquadulcis, Vorticella convallaria, Vorticella infusionum and Vorticella microstoma. Despite the very high similarity in species composition, statistical analysis of the population structure of Peritricha showed a clear separation of two WWTPs with different wastewater treatment technologies. If there is a significant simi larity in the species composition of Peritricha, the species, based on their abundance and occurrence, are divided into two groups, focused on different technological schemes. The population structure of Peritricha responds to the changes in purification technology, showing the changes not so much in species composition as in their quantita tive structure. The differences in bioreactor conditions and increased effluent treatment efficiency demonstrated by the WWTP Lublin result in differences in Peritricha species structure, which are reflected in higher Peritricha abundance in WWTP Lublin compared to WWTP Sumy.Item Bioindication of Surface Water Supported by Automatic Image Analysis Using Deep Learning Neural Network – Cyclotella Case Study(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering, 2024) Walo, M.; Majerek, D.; Кузьміна, Тетяна Миколаївна; Kuzmina, Tetiana Mykolaivna; Łagód, G.Bioindicative methods involving the identification and counting of indicator organisms (e.g. algae) are widely used methods in the assessment of surface water quality. For this reason, the purpose of this paper was automatic image analysis using the YOLO v8 deep learning neural network, directed at the detection of freshwater algae Cyclotella. Changes in the number of these organisms can indicate changes in the water quality and the trophic status of the reservoir, which makes automating their detection an important task. Traditionally, the detection and counting of objects in microscope images was done manually, but by using machine learning and especially neural networks, the process can be automated. YOLO (You Only Look Once) is an example of a network that, after proper training and validation, is capable of performing image detection in real time. In this study, the Roboflow object tagging tool was used to create a dataset divided into training, validation and test sets. Training of the network, validation of the model and evaluation of its metrics were carried out. The paper presents the obtained metrics of the YOLO v8 network on the validation set, such as Accuracy = 0.960, Precision = 0.964, Recall = 0.995. The presented results confirm the effectiveness of the applied method in automatic analysis of microscopic images containing algae and thus the high application potential of the method in supporting bioindication studies of surface water quality.Item 3D Modeling of a Virtual Built Environment Using Digital Tools: Kilburun Fortress Case Study(MDPI, 2023) Tytarenko, I.; Павленко, Іван Володимирович; Pavlenko, Ivan Volodymyrovych; Dreval, I.The reliable reconstruction of cultural or historical heritage objects is an urgent problem for humanity. It can be successfully solved using up-to-date 3D modeling tools. The proposed technique allows for modeling virtual environments at an even higher level. This study aimed to develop an approach for designing historical heritage objects with sufficient accuracy using a built environment. The Kilburun Fortress was chosen as the object of study. The modeling procedure includes monitoring the object’s territory, analyzing archival, librarian, and cartographic sources, and further modeling and reproducing the research object in a virtual environment using various software tools. The following stages were implemented during this study: analysis and processing of preliminary data (analysis of plans and schemes, overlapping maps); the scaling of graphical objects for the reliable reproduction of the studied object; the design of a working 3D model using AutoCAD and SketchUp; the rendering and final processing of textures using Quixel; and visualization using Twinmotion. As a result, a model of the historical heritage object was created using 3D means. The model can also be integrated into ArchiCAD and Revit software.Item Parameter Identification of the Fractional-Order Mathematical Model for Convective Mass Transfer in a Porous Medium(MDPI Publishing, 2023) Павленко, Іван Володимирович; Pavlenko, Ivan Volodymyrovych; Ochowiak, M.; Włodarczak, S.; Krupinska, A.; Matuszak, M.Fractional calculus is an essential tool in studying new phenomena in hydromechanics and heat and mass transfer, particularly anomalous hydromechanical advection–dispersion considering the fractal nature of the porous medium. They are valuable in solving the urgent problem of convective mass transfer in a porous medium (e.g., membranes, filters, nozzles, convective coolers, vibrational prillers, and so on). Its solution allows for improving chemical engineering and technology workflows, refining process models for obtaining porous granular materials, realizing the convective cooling of granular and grain materials, and ensuring the corresponding apparatuses’ environmental safety. The article aims to develop a reliable convective mass transfer model for a porous medium and proposes a practical approach for its parameter identification. As a result, a general scientific and methodological approach to parameter identification of the fractional convective mass transfer model in a porous medium was proposed based on available experimental data. It mainly used Riemann–Liouville fractional time and coordinate derivatives. The comprehensive application of the Laplace obtained the corresponding general solution transform with respect to time and a coordinate, the Mittag-Leffler function, and specialized functions. Different partial solutions in various application case studies proved this solution. Moreover, the algorithm for practically implementing the developed approach was proposed to evaluate parameters for the considered model by evaluation data. It was reduced to the two-parameter model and justified by the available experimental data.Item An Increase in the Energy Efficiency of R744 Heat-Using Thermotransformers(MDPI, 2023) Арсеньєв, В`ячеслав Михайлович; Arseniev, Viacheslav Mykhailovych; Piteľ, J.; Король, Олександр Сергійович; Korol, Oleksandr Serhiiovych; Шарапов, Сергій Олегович; Sharapov, Serhii Olehovych; Mižáková, J.; Павленко, Іван Володимирович; Pavlenko, Ivan Volodymyrovych; Іванов, Віталій Олександрович; Ivanov, Vitalii OleksandrovychThis article deals with improving waste heat transformation in heat-using thermotransformers. Based on the directives of the European Commission on refrigeration equipment requirements, the possibility of using carbon dioxide (R744) in heat-using thermotransformers was evaluated. The possibility of the effective use of heat-using thermotransformers operating within the Chistyakov–Plotnikov cycle in the heat pump mode was assessed. As a result, a comparative analysis was performed with existing modern plants for combined cycles with an expander, for the expansion of CO2 in saturated steam, a suction gas heat exchanger (SGHE), and a compressor–expander unit. The design schemes with a throttling device and an SGHE were selected for a comparative analysis. As a result, calculation models for evaluating the operating parameters for the initial and proposed design schemes were developed. These models allow for evaluating thermodynamic and mode parameters for heat-reducing thermotransformers. They also allow for ensuring energy efficiency indicators and conversion factors for each cycle. Overall, the dependencies for the cycle conversion ratio for the pressure increase stage in the compressor were obtained for various under-recovery rates. Moreover, the cycle conversion ratios for the proposed design schemes were obtained depending on the discharge pressure of the first compressor. The proposed design schemes allow for increasing the energy efficiency of heat-using thermotransformers by an average of 23%, depending on the suction pressure in the compressor.Item Synthetic Calcium–Phosphate Materials for Bone Grafting(MDPI Open Access Publishing, 2023) Mishchenko, O.; Яновська, Ганна Олександрівна; Yanovska, Hanna Oleksandrivna; Kosinov, O.; Maksymov, D.; Москаленко, Роман Андрійович; Moskalenko, Roman Andriiovych; Ramanavicius, A.; Погорєлов, Максим Володимирович; Pohorielov, Maksym VolodymyrovychSynthetic bone grafting materials play a significant role in various medical applications involving bone regeneration and repair. Their ability to mimic the properties of natural bone and promote the healing process has contributed to their growing relevance. While calcium–phosphates and their composites with various polymers and biopolymers are widely used in clinical and experimental research, the diverse range of available polymer-based materials poses challenges in selecting the most suitable grafts for successful bone repair. This review aims to address the fundamental issues of bone biology and regeneration while providing a clear perspective on the principles guiding the development of synthetic materials. In this study, we delve into the basic principles underlying the creation of synthetic bone composites and explore the mechanisms of formation for biologically important complexes and structures associated with the various constituent parts of these materials. Additionally, we offer comprehensive information on the application of biologically active substances to enhance the properties and bioactivity of synthetic bone grafting materials. By presenting these insights, our review enables a deeper understanding of the regeneration processes facilitated by the application of synthetic bone composites.Item Shaping the Structure and Properties of TiO2-ZnO Oxide Coatings Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on Titanium Substrate(MDPI Open Access Publishing, 2023) Marny, M.; Sowa, M.; Kazek-Kęsik, A.; Rokosz, K.; Raaen, S.; Chapon, P.; Viter, R.; Пшеничний, Роман Миколайович; Pshenychnyi, Roman Mykolaiovych; Simka, W.; Michalska, J.У статті наведено результати попередніх досліджень можливості синтезу змішаних покриттів ZnO-TiO2 методом плазмового електрохімічного оксидування (ПЕО). Метою роботи був синтез змішаних покриттів TiO2-ZnO на титановій підкладці з електроліту, що містить наночастинки (НЧ) ZnO, та оцінка параметрів ПЕО на структуру, хімічний склад і властивості отриманих оксидних покриттів. Процес ПЕО здійснювався за різних вольт-амперних режимів з використанням різних сигналів: постійного струму, постійного імпульсу та змінного струму. У даній роботі визначено оптимальні умови процесу ПЕО для отримання добре зчіпних оксидних покриттів з максимально можливим вмістом ZnO. Досліджено структуру та морфологію отриманих оксидних покриттів, комплексно досліджено їх хімічний та фазовий склад (EDX, XRD, XPS та GD-OES). Крім того, оцінювали їх основні оптичні властивості. Показано, що в імпульсному процесі PEO DC можна отримати оксидні покриття, що характеризуються високим ступенем впорядкованості структури, високим вмістом ZnO в оксидному покритті (3,6 ат.%, XPS) і перспективним застосуванням для фотокаталітичних цілей. (3,12 еВ).Item From Synthesis to Clinical Trial: Novel Bioinductive Calcium Deficient HA/β-TCP Bone Grafting Nanomaterial(International and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, 2023) Mishchenko, O.; Яновська, Ганна Олександрівна; Yanovska, Hanna Oleksandrivna; Sulaieva, O.; Москаленко, Роман Андрійович; Moskalenko, Roman Andriiovych; Пернаков, Микола Станіславович; Pernakov, Mykola Stanislavovych; Гусак, Євгенія Володимирівна; Husak, Yevheniia Volodymyrivna; Корнiєнко, Вiкторiя Володимирiвна; Korniienko, Viktoriia Volodymyrivna; Дейнека, Володимир Миколайович; Deineka, Volodymyr Mykolaiovych; Kosinov, O.; Varakuta, O.; Ramanavicius, S.; Varzhapetjan, S.; Ramanaviciene, A.; Krumina, D.; Knipše, G.; Ramanavicius, A.; Погорєлов, Максим Володимирович; Pohorielov, Maksym VolodymyrovychЗбільшення верхньощелепної пазухи є широко використовуваною процедурою для встановлення зубних імплантатів. Однак використання натуральних і синтетичних матеріалів у цій процедурі призвело до післяопераційних ускладнень від 12% до 38%. Щоб вирішити цю проблему, ми розробили новий наноматеріал для трансплантації кісткової тканини HA/β-TCP з дефіцитом кальцію, використовуючи метод двоетапного синтезу з відповідними структурними та хімічними параметрами для застосування підтяжки синусів. Ми продемонстрували, що наш наноматеріал демонструє високу біосумісність, посилює клітинну проліферацію та стимулює експресію колагену. Крім того, деградація β-TCP у нашому наноматеріалі сприяє утворенню тромбів, що підтримує агрегацію клітин і ріст нової кістки. У клінічному дослідженні, яке включало вісім випадків, ми спостерігали формування компактної кісткової тканини через 8 місяців після операції, що дозволило успішно встановити зубні імплантати без будь-яких ранніх післяопераційних ускладнень. Наші результати свідчать про те, що наш новий наноматеріал для пересадки кісткової тканини має потенціал для підвищення ефективності процедур збільшення гайморової пазухи.