Факультет технічних систем і енергоефективних технологій (ТеСЕТ)
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Item Methods for Intensifying Biogas Production from Waste: A Scientometric Review of Cavitation and Electrolysis Treatments(MDPI, 2022) Чубур, Вікторія Сергіївна; Чубур, Виктория Сергеевна; Chubur, Viktoriia Serhiivna; Danylov, D.; Черниш, Єлізавета Юріївна; Черныш, Елизавета Юрьевна; Chernysh, Yelyzaveta Yuriivna; Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Shtepa, V.; Haneklaus, N.; Roubik, H.This article presents future trends in research using microbiological methods to intensify bioprocesses for biogas production. The pretreatment by combinations of physical and chemical methods, such as cavitation and electrolysis, is considered. The approach of the article involved reviewing the residual area on the intensification technologies of anaerobic digestion with current methods to improve the quality and quantity of biogas. The most valuable reported positive results of the pretreatment of biological raw materials in the cavitation process were reviewed and are presented here. A model of the effect of electrolysis on the species diversity of bacteria in anaerobic digestion was developed, and changes in the dominance of the ecological and trophic systems were revealed on the basis of previous studies. The stimulating effect on biogas yield, reduction in the stabilization period of the reactor, and inactivation of microorganisms at lower temperatures is associated with different pretreatment methods that intensify anaerobic digestion. More research is recommended to focus on the electrolysis treatment of different types of waste and their ratios with optimization of regime parameters, as well as in combination with other pretreatments to produce biomethane and biohydrogen in larger quantities and in better qualities.Item Anaerobic Digestion Combined with Electrolysis of Poultry Manure and Activated Sludge Inoculum(Institute of Energy, 2022) Черниш, Єлізавета Юріївна; Черныш, Елизавета Юрьевна; Chernysh, Yelyzaveta Yuriivna; Shtepa, V.N.; Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Чубур, Вікторія Сергіївна; Чубур, Виктория Сергеевна; Chubur, Viktoriia Serhiivna; Danylov, D.V.The aim of the work was to study the effect of electrolysis on the process of anaerobic digestion in the example of poultry manure with an inoculum of activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The set aim was achieved by solving the following tasks: microcopiing of anaerobic activated sludge during the digestion of poultry manure under the influence of electrolysis treatment; studying the dynamics of biogas yield and its component composition under electrolysis treatment; studying the change in pH values and redox potential (ORP) in experiments with a combination of a bioreactor with electrolysis treatment and without treatment. Evaluation of the effect of stimulating the metabolic activity of microorganisms during treatment in the bioreactor-electrolyser was the most significant result. In addition, improved biodegradability of complex organic components of poultry manure was substantiated. Thus, methane yield on the 28th day was 640.5 ml from the total volume of 1525 ml of biogas, and under conventional conditions, methane yield was 33.4 ml from 50 ml of total volume. The decrease of H2S content in biogas under the influence of electrolysis was determined. A low ORP value of - 495 mV was achieved in the control experiment (without electrolysis treatment). ORP gradually increased in the bioreactor-electrolyser at all stages of digestion and reached -53 mV on day 28. pH stabilized at a neutral level. The positive effect of combining anaerobic digestion with electrolysis on the intensification of biogas production with a large volume of methane has been experimentally confirmed.Item Algorithm for Selection Equipment to Reduce the Technogenic Effect on the Environment(Institutul de Energetica, 2022) Козій, Іван Сергійович; Козий, Иван Сергеевич; Kozii, Ivan Serhiiovych; Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Коваль, Віталій Вікторович; Коваль, Виталий Викторович; Koval, Vitalii ViktorovychThe work is devoted to the development of an algorithm for selection dust and gas purification equipment in order to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment from emissions of the heat, power and chemical industries, which are sources of complex environmental pollution. The need for the research was necessitated by the inefficiency of environmental measures taken due to the huge number of devices with different designs for emissions’ purification, their non-universality and low efficiency of the purification systems. The main goal of the study was to develop a software algorithm for the reasonable choice of the optimal dust and gas purification equipment, taking into account the actual conditions of the technological environment and the characteristics of pollutants. The goal was achieved using a logical and mathematical description of the pollutant parameters, environmental conditions and process equipment parameters. The uniqueness of the developed algorithm consisted of rechecking the compliance of each equipment parameter with environmental conditions and pollutant characteristics. The most important aims were to obtain an algorithm for selection efficient equipment, taking into account its parameters and initial characteristics of pollutants and environmental conditions, the simplicity and accessibility of its implementation for a wide number of industrial facilities in the heat, power and chemical industries. The proposed algorithm, in contrast to the approaches used in practice, was characterized by the work flexibility due to the possibility of supplementing and improving the databases of pollutants and equipment.Item Distribution of the Dispersed Phase in the Gas Cleaning Equipment with Pulsating Plug(Institute of Power Engeneering, 2021) Козій, Іван Сергійович; Козий, Иван Сергеевич; Kozii, Ivan Serhiiovych; Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Гурець, Лариса Леонідівна; Гурец, Лариса Леонидовна; Hurets, Larysa LeonidivnaThe work is devoted to the reduction of the technogenic impact on the environment from the emissions of heat power engineering by using highly efficient equipment for the complex purification of exhaust gases — equipment with a regular pulsating plug (RPP). The aim of the study is the physical and mathematical description of the mechanisms of the process of capturing fine dust in equipment with an on-load tap changer. This goal is achieved by describing the physical picture of the dust collection process in experimental equipment with an on-load tap-changer; mathematical description of the condensation capture of fine dust; descriptions of the process of droplet distribution in the layer of turbulizing packing elements during upward movement of phases. As a result of calculations, an equation was obtained for determining the radius of a particle in the process of condensation of a vapor-gas-liquid system, which allows one to determine the further possibility of trapping particles due to the inertial or turbulent-diffusion mechanism in the device. An equation is obtained for calculating the diameter of liquid droplets formed during the crushing of liquid flows by turbulizing packing elements, which allows us to conclude that the phase contact surface is developed due to the pulsating movement of packing elements. Studies of the equipment with an on-load tapchanger allow us to speak about the possibility of its use for the complex cleaning of dust and gas emissions from heat power enterprises in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment.Item Biotechnological Reclamation of Oil-Polluted Soils(Bentus, 2021) Аблєєва, Ірина Юріївна; Аблеева, Ирина Юрьевна; Ablieieva, Iryna Yuriivna; Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Бережна, Ірина Олексіївна; Бережная, Ирина Алексеевна; Berezhna, Iryna Oleksiivna; Malovanyy, M.S.The aim of the paper was to determine the efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) degradation by developed bacterial consortium during bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils caused by accidental oil spills. The soil samples were collected from three different areas near the Bugruvate field of the Dnieper-Donets oil and gas region, Sumy region, Ukraine. The total petroleum hydrocarbon was determined by conducting measurements using a gravimetric method. Gas chromatographic analysis was performed for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The level of oil contamination follows an increasing preferential order: Sample 1 < Sample 2 < Sample 3 (5, 10 and 15 g∙kg-1, respectively). The soil samples comprised different concentrations of PHs including n-alkanes, fluorine, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, toluene, xylene, benzene and other PHs. The results of research indicated that the maximum oil degradation rate at the level of 80% was set at Cin within 4–8 g∙kg-1 and τ = 70 days, under natural condition. In order to improve the efficiency of bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils, bioaugmentation was performed using the developed preparation of such bacteria and fungi strains as Pseudoxanthomonas spadix, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodococcus opacus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus cereus, Actinomyces sp., Mycobacterium flavescens. The results showed 100% of oil concentration was assimilated after 20, 25 and 35 days for the soil samples with initial hydrocarbon concentrations at the level 5, 10 and 15 g∙kg-1, respectively. The bacterial consortium application (bioaugmentation) exhibited high efficiency compared to the indigenous microflora in the oil biodegradation. The optimal growth condition for the bacteria in this study can be set as follows: pH = 3–11, wide temperature range 0–35°C.Item Study of the Magnetic Water Treatment Mechanism(Bentus, 2020) Васькіна, Ірина Валеріївна; Васькина, Ирина Валерьевна; Vaskina, Iryna Valeriivna; Рой, Ігор Олександрович; Рой, Игорь Александрович; Roi, Ihor Oleksandrovych; Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Васькін, Роман Анатолійович; Васькин, Роман Анатольевич; Vaskin, Roman Anatoliiovych; Яхненко, Олена Миколаївна; Яхненко, Елена Николаевна; Yakhnenko, Olena MykolaivnaThe main problem of widespread introduction of magnetic water treatment (MWT) in the processes of water and wastewater treatment is the lack of modern research aimed at studying the mechanisms of MWT effects, in particular the influence on the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions. This study explains the effect of MWT taking into account the physical and chemical properties of aqueous solutions due to the presence of the quantum differences in water molecules. All the MWT effects are related to the change in the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions. It is due to the presence of two types of water molecule isomers and their librational oscillations. The result of MWT is a violation of the synchronism of para-isomers vibrations, with the subsequent destruction of ice-like structures due to the receiving of energy from collisions with other water molecules (ortho-isomers). One of the most important MWT effects includes the change in the nature and speed of the physicochemical processes in aqueous solutions by increasing the number of more physically and chemically active ortho-isomers. The MWT parameters specified in the work allow explaining the nature of most MWT effects and require developing the scientific and methodological principles for the implementation of the MWT process and mathematical modeling of the MWT process in the water and wastewater treatment. It can be used in the design of the MWT devices taking into account the constructive and mode parameters of MWT devices.Item Determining the effect of anthropogenic loading on the environmental state of a surface source of water supply(Technology Center, 2020) Ponomarenko, R.; Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Гурець, Лариса Леонідівна; Гурец, Лариса Леонидовна; Hurets, Larysa Leonidivna; Grigorenko, N.; Sherstiuk, M.; Miakaiev, O.At present, even for a fairly large surface water object, the effectiveness of the forecasting models of water qualitative composition is largely determined by the completeness and adequacy of the source information. A review of approaches to using such models is given in scientific papers [1, 2]. Traditional forecasting methods, developed for using modern information and computing tools, are typically not effective in solving complex practical tasks on forecasting the state of a specific water object, taking into consideration all its features.Item Екологічна біотехнологія: принципи створення біотехнологічних виробництв(Сумський державний університет, 2018) Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Черниш, Єлізавета Юріївна; Черныш, Елизавета Юрьевна; Chernysh, Yelyzaveta YuriivnaНавчальний посібник адресовано студентам-екологам, які вивчають технології захисту довкілля. Метою посібника є одержання студентами нових знань щодо основ розроблення біотехнологічних процесів захисту довкілля та біохімічного перероблення відходів, типових завдань, методів реалізації біотехнологічних виробництв екологічного спрямування в різних галузях промисловості та сільському господарстві. Також цей посібник спрямований на освоєння методів розрахунків апаратного оснащення екологічних біотехнологій. Навчальний посібник призначений для студентів-екологів закладів вищої освіти.Item Захист навколишнього середовища від техногенного впливу процесів підготовки вуглеводневих продуктів для подальшого споживання(Сумський державний університет, 2018) Надеїн, Г.В.; Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid DmytrovychЗ метою зменшення впливу на навколишнє середовище та більш ефективного використання вуглеводнів була розроблена технологія стабілізація нафти.Item Міграція важких металів у грунті(Сумський державний університет, 2017) Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Макаренко, Наталія Олексіївна; Макаренко, Наталия Алексеевна; Makarenko, Nataliia OleksiivnaДо факторів, що сприяють утриманню важких металів ґрунтом відносяться: обмінна адсорбція поверхні глин і гумусу, формування комплексних сполук з гумусом, адсорбція поверхнева і оклюзія а також формування нерозчинних сполук, особливо при відновленні. Важкі метали в ґрунтовому розчині зустрічаються як в іонній так і в зв'язаній формах, які перебувають у певній рівновазі. Міграція важких металів у ґрунтах може відбуватися з рідиною, в газоподібній формі випадковий характер та у твердій фазі.