Середземноморська політика Франції: Ж.-Б. Кольбер (1619-1683 рр.)
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2015
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Сумський державний університет
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У статті розкривається політика Франції часу Ж.-Б. Кольбера (1619-1683 рр.) у
середземноморському Магрибі. Спираючись на широку джерельну базу, автор розглядає
фактори, що впливали на формування цієї політики, показує пріоритетний характер
європейського вектору зовнішньої політики французького абсолютизму. Так, показано, що
військовий тиск на регентства Північної Африки з боку короля Франції чередувався зі спробами
перевести взаємини у договірний процес. Останнє було пов’язано зі складним характером
взаємин французів з Османською імперією, першочерговим значенням Леванту, тривалим
протистоянням з англійцями в середземноморському регіоні.
В статье раскрывается политика Франции в средиземноморском Магрибе при Ж.- Б. Кольбере (1619-1683 гг.). Основываясь на широкой источниковой базе, автор подвергает анализу факторы, влиявшие на формирование этой политики, показывает приоритетный характер европейского вектора внешней политики французского абсолютизма. Так, демонстрируется, что военное давление на регентства Северной Африки со стороны “христианнейшего короля” чередовалось с попытками перевести взаимоотношения в договорное русло. Последнее было связано со сложным характером контактов французов с Османской империей, первоочередным значением Леванта, длительным противостоянием с англичанами в средиземноморском регионе.
In the article examines the French Mediterranean policy of the rulling circles in the XVII, in particular, the place and importance in its development finance minister of Louis XIV, Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683). Drawing on a broad base of sources, including official correspondence, memorands, the author analyzes the factors in the genesis of the foreign in colonial form of interaction between the French ruling circles with the Mediterranean Maghreb. On a moment, when Colbert concentrated state affairs in the hands, Mediterranean politics of France had deep historical roots. Her sources are in an epoch cross hikes, agreements between France and Turkey and other important events of the examined period. Becoming of the national state and realization of own national priorities, as is generally known, showed up in the serious crisis of the christian world. Brilliant diplomacy of cardinal Richelieu in Europe showed birth of principle of “state interest” in international politics, being higher than dynastic and religious values. Certainly, these changes were reflected in Mediterranean politics of France at J.-B. Colbert. It is possible to assert that Colbert complemented colonial conception of Richelieu, putting at the first place commercial benefits from colonization. Nevertheless, in the Mediterranean region a situation was often determined by a competition between France and other European countries, priority value of European policy for France. Drawn conclusion about expedience of peacekeeping for frenchmen with state formations of North Africa in an examined period. Colbert aimed to agree with them, counteracting to the analogical attempts of englishmen in Таnger. However Colbert could conduct colonization of region, as the states of North Africa applied on an independent role in a voice process.In these terms for frenchmen the question was only about trade contacts with North Africa. However in consciousness of the French statesmen existence of colonies had to reflect interests of metropolis. The states of North Africa could not accept such terms and exactly from here frequent soldiery conflicts take an origin between France and NorthAfrican states. In turn, priority of European policy for French king yet more complicated the process of realization of Mediterranean policy of Colbert force to defend her necessity for unfavorable terms.
В статье раскрывается политика Франции в средиземноморском Магрибе при Ж.- Б. Кольбере (1619-1683 гг.). Основываясь на широкой источниковой базе, автор подвергает анализу факторы, влиявшие на формирование этой политики, показывает приоритетный характер европейского вектора внешней политики французского абсолютизма. Так, демонстрируется, что военное давление на регентства Северной Африки со стороны “христианнейшего короля” чередовалось с попытками перевести взаимоотношения в договорное русло. Последнее было связано со сложным характером контактов французов с Османской империей, первоочередным значением Леванта, длительным противостоянием с англичанами в средиземноморском регионе.
In the article examines the French Mediterranean policy of the rulling circles in the XVII, in particular, the place and importance in its development finance minister of Louis XIV, Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683). Drawing on a broad base of sources, including official correspondence, memorands, the author analyzes the factors in the genesis of the foreign in colonial form of interaction between the French ruling circles with the Mediterranean Maghreb. On a moment, when Colbert concentrated state affairs in the hands, Mediterranean politics of France had deep historical roots. Her sources are in an epoch cross hikes, agreements between France and Turkey and other important events of the examined period. Becoming of the national state and realization of own national priorities, as is generally known, showed up in the serious crisis of the christian world. Brilliant diplomacy of cardinal Richelieu in Europe showed birth of principle of “state interest” in international politics, being higher than dynastic and religious values. Certainly, these changes were reflected in Mediterranean politics of France at J.-B. Colbert. It is possible to assert that Colbert complemented colonial conception of Richelieu, putting at the first place commercial benefits from colonization. Nevertheless, in the Mediterranean region a situation was often determined by a competition between France and other European countries, priority value of European policy for France. Drawn conclusion about expedience of peacekeeping for frenchmen with state formations of North Africa in an examined period. Colbert aimed to agree with them, counteracting to the analogical attempts of englishmen in Таnger. However Colbert could conduct colonization of region, as the states of North Africa applied on an independent role in a voice process.In these terms for frenchmen the question was only about trade contacts with North Africa. However in consciousness of the French statesmen existence of colonies had to reflect interests of metropolis. The states of North Africa could not accept such terms and exactly from here frequent soldiery conflicts take an origin between France and NorthAfrican states. In turn, priority of European policy for French king yet more complicated the process of realization of Mediterranean policy of Colbert force to defend her necessity for unfavorable terms.
Keywords
зовнішня політика, колоніальна політика, середземноморська політика, середземноморський регіон, Кольбер, Магриб, foreign policy, colonial policy, Mediterranean policy, Mediterranean region, Colbert, Maghreb, внешняя политика, колониальная политика, средиземноморская политика, средиземноморский регион, Кольбер, Магриб
Citation
Саранов, С.В. Середземноморська політика Франції: Ж.-Б. Кольбер (1619-1683 рр.) [Текст] / С.В. Саранов // Сумський історико-архівний журнал. - 2015. - № XXIV. - С. 69-74.