Health Economics and Management Review
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://devessuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80820
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Item Virtual Learning as an Impetus for Business Education Programme in the Midst of COVID-19 in Nigeria(Sumy State University, 2023) Ogunleye, J.K.; Afolabi, C.S.; Ajayi, S.O.; Omotayo, V.A.The modern virtual learning is the complex process of using electronic technology and resources to have better access to teaching and learning with or without any physical classrooms. Today, virtual learning has become a valuable way of teaching, learning and research in education, with the terrible emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world. This study critically examined the modern virtual learning as an impetus for the business education programme in the midst of COVID-19 in Nigeria. It vividly considered the concept of business education; virtual learning and business education; obvious benefits of virtual learning in the business education programme; certain challenges facing virtual learning in realising the goals of business education amidst COVID-19. It further presented various virtual learning tools that can be used in delivery of business education lessons. Finally, the paper concluded that despite numerous benefits attributable to the adoption of virtual learning in the business education programme, there are currently many relevant issues that still need to be resolved and put in place to achieve its benefits and as well correct the negative perception and slow use of virtual learning among students and teachers. Also, the modern virtual learning would have been the best alternative teaching method for business education amidst COVID-19 provided majority of Nigerian learners have access to Internet facilities. It was also recommended among other things that government and different stakeholders in the education sector should endeavour to make provision for good Internet facilities, stable electricity and good working computers at all levels of education (especially in business education). Modern teachers and students should also be provided with necessary training techniques regarding virtual learning. That is done for active teaching of business education programmes so as to enhance and sustain teaching and learning through virtual learning delivery at all levels of education.Item Improving the system of healthcare institution management in conditions of pandemic threats(Sumy State University, 2023) Volk, A.; Sygyda, N.; Zaitseva, T.The article is devoted to analysing activities of the infectious disease unit of a medical institution in one of Ukrainian regions. The unit is designed for intensive care of patients. The study main goal is to develop a strategy for further development of this unit to improve quality of its services and patient satisfaction. During the research, the initial conditions for the in-patient medical care provision were discussed. A comprehensive analysis of activities and structural problems within the infectious unit was carried out. Based on the study results, a strategic plan for further development was generated to enhance the unit efficiency and quality of its provided medical services. During analysing the infectious unit work, it was found that the in-patient care provision meets the worldwide infectious care norms. In the conditions of reforming the Ukrainian medical industry, many issues remain unresolved (in particular, restructuring and improvement of the healthcare system as a whole and that of the infectious disease unit). The latter plays an important role in creating a high-quality national program for medical service provision by healthcare institutions. Therefore, we succeed in improving resilience in the face of public health threats and risks. The analysis showed current positive trends in understanding the importance of this structural unit activities within the healthcare system. Besides, new ways of its modernisation are found. The authors substantiate this area development requires the national quality control indicators, the marketing policy improvement as well as the strengthened organisational and methodological role of the infectious disease service in healthcare institutions. Specific recommendations were formulated regarding ways to develop the infectious disease unit. They will help raise service satisfaction among patients of medical institutions. The obtained results are of practical importance and can be used in managing healthcare institutions at the national and regional levels.Item Theoretical Research Aspects of the Key COVID-19 Trends and Transformation of Indicators in the Healthcare Sphere(Sumy State University, 2023) Діденко, Ірина Вікторівна; Диденко, Ирина Викторовна; Didenko, Iryna Viktorivna; Kurovska, Yu.; Dzwigol, H.New cases of the coronavirus disease and its fatal consequences continue to be recorded even now, almost three years after the first detected case. The problem of the COVID-19 spread worries the world community because the virus affects the social, economic, environmental, political, and other spheres of every person’s life. The pandemic reality has brought a massive range of changes to the everyday life of both Ukrainians and representatives of other nations. The purpose of this study is to identify general trends in the dynamics of indicators of the COVID-19 rate and transformation vectors of critical indicators in the healthcare system. The article reviews modern publications on COVID-19 and healthcare. This study presents the dynamics of changes in Ukraine’s health, life, and mortality indicators concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. The urgency of this problem is due to the further detection of new cases of illness and death from COVID-19 in Ukraine. The issue of its spread requires further new research. Analytical and graphical methods were used to predict structural changes in morbidity, mortality, and factors affecting it. The data forecast period covers the years 2021-2023. The accuracy of forecasts is assessed by the MAPE and RMSPE quality criteria. The obtained results showed that the number of cases of illness and death from COVID-19 in Ukraine would decrease over the forecast period due to the increase in the birth rate and vital activity in the pandemic conditions. In the current realities of the world, human resources are of integral importance both for Ukraine with its current situation and for the world in general. The results of further research will play an essential role in the timely detection of new cases of coronavirus disease and the prevention of fatal consequences in the future. For the political structure, this study will help to predict possible changes in the behaviour of coronavirus spread for the following months or years. Also, it will introduce the necessary quarantine restrictions promptly. A comprehensive in-depth study of this problem in science and medicine can help determine new factors of behaviour in everyday human life, which affects the virus spread speed. Even though the attention of Ukrainians has shifted from the problem of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 to the war beginning, this virus still poses a threat to our state and humanity in general.Item Efficiency of Healthcare Expenditure in the Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Periods(Sumy State University, 2023) Височина, Аліна Володимирівна; Высочина, Алина Владимировна; Vysochyna, Alina Volodymyrivna; Квілінський, Олексій Станіславович; Квилинский, Алексей Станиславович; Kwilinski, AleksyVia bibliometric analysis, the research identifies the contextual vectors of the healthcare financial provision effectiveness. Moreover, we broaden the empirical substantiation of panel data regression modelling for 34 European countries. In particular, we define performance of public (budgetary) and private financing to reduce the mortality rate and raise life expectancy in pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The systematization of existing literature sources and approaches to solving the problem is implemented by means of bibliometric and monographic analysis. Consequently, there are 6 contextual clusters of scientific research on determining the healthcare financial provision effectiveness in the modern science. Within the analysed works, researchers mainly study general prerequisites of the healthcare financial provision effectiveness. The optimal cost formation of medical services for diagnosing and treating diseases is reproduced as well. The issue urgency consists in analysing the efficient patterns of spending various funds to decrease the mortality rate and increase life expectancy in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Subsequently, we detect some general parameters of healthcare resistance to counter shocks similar to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we show statistical analysis of mortality indexes (total and COVID-19). Among 34 European countries, the highest and lowest efficiency levels were identified within these parameters. The study empirical block constructs 8 regression models on panel data. They differ in dependent (mortality rate or life expectancy) or independent variables (block 1: current and capital healthcare expenditures in GDP; block 2: current healthcare expenditures), and modelling period (pre-pandemic – 2000-2019, pandemic– 2020-2022 or the current period). The modelling results represent financial drivers and change inhibitors of the mortality rate and life expectancy during the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. Therefore, we established the most effective groups of healthcare expenditures, which is based on the country epidemiological situation. The obtained results can be useful for scientists, representatives of state and local authorities.Item International Inequity Patterns in Youth and Young Adults Related to COVID-19: Advancing Sustainable Development Goals on Well-Being, Education, and Employment(Sumy State University, 2022) MacNei, P.; Khare, A.; Jugdev, K.COVID-19 has threatened physical and mental health and reduced overall wellbeing. Wellbeing has declined significantly since the pandemic, particularly within younger sub-populations aged 15-29. Past disasters and current crises indicate that decreased wellbeing can have serious long-term health, social, and financial effects for the individual and society. This is particularly concerning for younger people whose lives and livelihoods are developing. Research indicates that supports put in place at younger ages typically lead to multiple gains in growth and development. Our objective was to use a scoping review spanning 2020-2021 to map the patterns of international inequity on young people in terms of education, employment, and mental health. As educators, we note the special capacity within the United Nations sustainable development goals to address these challenges. With its inherent focus on wellbeing, the sustainable development goals framework can be used to guide the strategic processes to address wellbeing, especially in these vulnerable subpopulations. The review enabled us to identify preliminary steps for strategy development related to policy and for educators to consider in supporting youth and young adults. Many universities have established processes for advancing sustainable development goals. Educators’ expertise and capacity to effect change can be harnessed to improve mental health and wellbeing locally while contributing to longer-term sustainable development within society. The authors stated that wellbeing is a beacon for the future. Monitoring wellbeing and taking steps to address its decline, especially in the young, must be a priority as they are the future leaders of society. Youth and young adults will also bear the brunt of the economic and social burden due to the pandemic. By investing in the wellbeing of today’s youth and young adults there are opportunities to «pay it forward» so that better outcomes may be realized in the future.Item Challenge of COVID-19 and Nigerian Economic Change: The Way Forward(Sumy State University, 2022) Kazeem, B.L.O.; Adewale, O.V.; I, K.; Kayode, O.J.The Nigerian Economic implication of COVID-19 motivated this study. The study discussed the argument and counterargument within scientific discussions on the challenge of COVID-19 on Nigerian Economy. The broad objective of this study is to investigate the Nigerian Economic Change and Challenge of COVID-19 as well as the way forward. The specific objective is to determine the relationship between Nigerian Gross Domestic Product and COVID-19 comparing 2019 and 2020 Nigerian Economic Change, the study also aimed at establishing the way out of COVID-19. Descriptive statistics method of data analysis was used to present the results and findings of the study. The research design adopted in this study is ex-post facto. In this research, the type of data analysis that will be employed is descriptive statistics. The techniques will involve a view and appraisal of the effect of COVID-19 on Nigerian economy. That notwithstanding, the methodology can produce useful and meaningful results. To achieve this, quantitative analysis involving the use of percentages, degrees and graphical charts for the explanation of the data collected will be employed. Findings revealed that the coronavirus pandemic lockdown reduced the volume and value of production in Nigeria and affected the gross domestic product of Nigeria which almost jeopardized the Nigerian economy. Findings also revealed that resumption of offices and trading activities leads to an increase in the level and volume of production in Nigeria and this led to an increase in the value of GDP in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that the Nigeria government should pay more attention to the Nigerian health sector in terms of funding, equipping hospitals, and training of medical staff. Nigerians should make use of preventive measures of COVID-19 which is the best way out of COVID-19; this will prevent shutting down of sectors and lead to a very high level of production in Nigeria. The study is highly unique as it will make Nigerians to know the effect of COVID-19 on Nigerian Economy. The study will shed light on different ways out of Coronavirus. The data to be analyzed covers 2019-2020 Nigerian quaterly Gross Domestic Product.Item Health Care Provision in State Institutions in the Context Of COVID-19(Sumy State University, 2022) Пахненко, Олена Михайлівна; Пахненко, Елена Михайловна; Pakhnenko, Olena Mykhailivna; Kulibaba, V.; Palienko, M.The main purpose of the research is to analyse the financial provision of health care in public institutions on the example of the State Emergency Service and to develop proposals for improving the medical system of the SES, taking into account the challenges of COVID-19. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of the amount of funding for health care facilities outside the structure of the Ministry of Health, on the example of the medical system of the State Emergency Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine during 2017-2022. At a separate stage of the study, the volume and target of additional funding for health care from the Fund for Combating COVID-19 in 2020 were analysed. The analysis showed a lower level of remuneration of specialists and a worse financial situation of health care facilities subordinated to the Department of Medical and Biological Protection and Occupational Safety of the SES of Ukraine. In order to improve the health protection system of the SES, a number of proposals have been developed, namely: formation of a subdivision for analysis of problematic issues of the SES and legislative work to eliminate the identified shortcomings; digitalization and automation of reporting within the medical system of the SES of Ukraine; coverage of the activities of health care institutions of the SES in the media and social networks; advising and conducting licensing and accreditation of health care institutions of the SES; justification for increasing funding for the medical sector of the SES and increasing the salaries of medical workers; expanding the provision of paid services to the population; search for funding outside the budget of the SES within the national budget and outside the state budget from sources not prohibited by law, involvement of humanitarian and charitable organizations, patrons; maintaining and improving the level of qualification of medical staff, improving information and communication work with staff; conducting training and preparation of medical and support specialists for emergency response activities, conducting interdepartmental and local training with the involvement of specialists from local and international humanitarian organizations. The results of the study can be useful in the development of regulations and legislation in the field of medical care of the SES of Ukraine.Item COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign: A Bibliometric Analysis(Sumy State University, 2022) Каща, Марія Олексіївна; Каща, Мария Алексеевна; Kashcha, Mariia Oleksiivna; Kwilinski, A.; Petrenko, K.This study provides the bibliometric analysis of publications addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures to overcome it. This study aims to analyze, systematize, and build clusters of world schools of thought that changed their research directions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of solving the scientific problem is urgent to quickly restore the economy, education, tourism, and other spheres of society affected by the pandemic. The authors emphasized that vaccination is one of the effective ways to reduce COVID-19 morbidity. Therefore, the study sample was generated with articles indexed by keywords “COVID-19” and «vaccination» in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The study period covers 2020-2021. To operate with the most relevant publications, the study sample was limited by the English publication language and subject areas, excluding the publications in the categories of medicine and pharmacology. The case study involved the VOSviewer software, Web of Science, and Scopus database analysis tools in analyzing the scientific background on the issue of trust in the vaccination campaign. The visualization of findings was conducted using the VOSviewer software tools. The obtained results showed most of the work was published by the scholars of American, English, Chinese, German and Italian affiliations. The study identified at least 10 research directions on the investigated topic: the reasons for differentiating the intentions to be vaccinated; attitudes towards vaccinations depending on gender, age, and social status; forecasting different recovering scenarios; consequences of misinformation and fight against misinformation; effectiveness of social pressure on the population; the role of social networks; sufficiency of using personal protective equipment; the self-responsibility in creating collective immunity; the need medical staff visits; testing the effectiveness of the vaccine, etc. The findings of the bibliometric analysis could be useful for further empirical studies to find cause-and-effect relationships and mathematical modeling of the reasons for vaccination refusal and predicting different pandemic scenarios.Item Current Trends in Research on Confidence in the Healthcare System(Sumy State University, 2022) Літовцева, Вероніка Євгенівна; Литовцева, Вероника Евгеньевна; Litovtseva, Veronika Yevhenivna; Бричко, Марина Михайлівна; Бричко, Марина Михайловна; Brychko, Maryna Mykhailivna; Srovnalíková, P.The sphere of trust in the health care system, which is actively developing in covid and postcovid conditions, is accompanied by a significant increase in the amount of scientific literature that requires detailed analysis. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study is to conduct a multilevel bibliometric analysis of publications on trust in the health care system. This will provide a global picture of the phenomenon to determine the dynamic aspects of trends from a statistical point of view, using content-contextual, descriptive, comparative, cluster and evolutionary-temporal analysis. The methodological basis of the study is a set of scientific publications indexed in the scientometric database Scopus, which was analyzed using analytical tools ScopusTools and VOSViewer. A total of 1,134 articles published between 1999 and the second quarter of 2022 were analyzed. The results show a growing trend in the spread of research on trust in the health care system. According to the results, five stages of scientific development of the researched subject were identified, in particular, the last one is characterized by extremely high research interest and covers the period from 2020 to the second quarter of 2022. The geographic center of research is the United Kingdom, and a significant contribution to the development of trust research in the health care system has been made by scientists in the United States, Australia and Canada. The analysis of the sectoral structure of financial sector trust research shows a weak diversification, and a comparative analysis of publications shows a close link between the concepts of trust in the health care system, vaccination and COVID-19. Cluster analysis identified five main groups of research. The results of evolutionary-temporal analysis show that at the beginning of scientific interest, research focused on interpersonal relationships between doctors and patients, and the latest area of research is to study the impact of trust on public decision-making on vaccination and other preventive measures. Thus, the study results showed that trust is one of the most crucial components in ensuring an effective health policy.Item Influence of Health Expenditure on COVID-19 Contraction: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis(Sumy State University, 2022) Височина, Аліна Володимирівна; Высочина, Алина Владимировна; Vysochyna, Alina Volodymyrivna; Jakubowska, A.Intensive economic development leads to the inevitable consequences of anthropogenic impact on the environment. Air pollution, soil degradation, water pollution and lack of clean drinking water lead to deteriorating human health and increasing the burden on the health care system. Globalization and integration have also become important drivers of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. All this leads to the need to transform the health care system and the model of its financing, and adapt it to these challenges. The aim of this work is to identify theoretical (based on bibliometric analysis) and empirical (based on panel data regression modelling) patterns of the impact of health care expenditure on the effectiveness of the COVID-19 combating. The theoretical part of the work involves the implementation of bibliometric analysis based on 262 Scopus publications, in the title, keywords or annotations of which both concepts such as «health expenditure» and «COVID-19» are mentioned. The practical implementation of this task is carried out using VOSviewer v.1.6.17. According to the results of the bibliometric analysis, contextual, geographical and temporal patterns of publishing activity of scientists on certain issues were revealed. The empirical part of the work involves a statistical analysis to identify the relationship between morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 and the volatility of the share of current health expenditure in GDP and its structure. The task of this stage is to determine the benchmarking model of financial support of the health care system, which demonstrates the greatest resistance to COVID-19. The analysis was conducted on the basis of data for 13 countries in Europe and Asia (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Armenia, Georgia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary and Ukraine). According to statistical analysis, the most resistant to COVID-19 is the health care system of Estonia, which is characterized by the volume of health care expenditure at 4-6% of GDP. At the same time, in the structure of the current health care expenditure, 25% is private expenditure and 75% is government expenditure, and external financing is almost non-existent. However, similar proportions of public and private expenditure in other countries do not ensure similar resistance to coronavirus, so this ratio is not a benchmark. A more in-depth analysis using panel regression modelling in Stata 12/SE revealed the positive impact of public, private and external health expenditures on reducing mortality, as well as the positive impact of increasing current health expenditures on life expectancy. The obtained theoretical and practical results can be useful for scientists and government officials in the context of optimizing the financial support of the health care system, taking into account its effectiveness in resisting national and global threats (COVID-19).