Видання зареєстровані авторами шляхом самоархівування
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Item Determinants of Renewable Energy Development: Evidence from the EU Countries(MDPI, 2022) Tu, Y.-X.; Кубатко, Олександр Васильович; Кубатко, Александр Васильевич; Kubatko, Oleksandr Vasylovych; Півень, Владислав Сергійович; Пивень, Владислав Сергеевич; Piven, Vladyslav Serhiiovych; Сотник, Ірина Миколаївна; Сотник, Ирина Николаевна; Sotnyk, Iryna Mykolaivna; Курбатова, Тетяна Олександрівна; Курбатова, Татьяна Александровна; Kurbatova, Tetiana OleksandrivnaSustainable development of the global economy can be achieved with the help of renewable energy (RE). The paper investigates the determinants of RE development in order to boost its adoption. The determinants of RE deployment were analyzed using random-effects GLS regression for the panel data from 27 EU member states in 2011–2020.The results confirm that economic development and high employment in advanced technology manufacturing are drivers of the RE sector, whereas unemployment growth affects RE deployment negatively. Our results show that active political participation and economic freedom promote RE; however, the level of corruption and democracy does not have a statistically significant impact on it. Favorable geographical location was proved to be a determinant of RE development. The hypothesis that plenty of natural resources discourage countries to develop RE was disproved. The major policy implications for RE promotion include the importance of economy deregulation, open market development and educational transformations. Following the results, prospects for further research were outlined.Item Economic competitiveness of green energy business projects in Ukraine(Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2022) Сотник, Ірина Миколаївна; Сотник, Ирина Николаевна; Sotnyk, Iryna Mykolaivna; Коваленко, Євген Володимирович; Коваленко, Евгений Владимирович; Kovalenko, Yevhen Volodymyrovych; Martymianov, A.S.; Nikulina, M. P.Стаття визначає економічну конкурентоспроможність проєкту «зеленого» енергобізнесу за варіаціями його впровадження для оцінювання перспектив формування класу просьюмерів. Методами статистичного і порівняльного аналізу визначено, що розвиток «зеленої» енергетики сьогодні забезпечується за рахунок державної підтримки. Здебільшого вітчизняні проєкти відновлюваної енергетики є неконкурентоспроможними без такої допомоги. Пандемія коронавірусу у 2020-2021 роках виявила проблеми, обумовлені високою ціною «зеленої» енергії, пріоритетністю її закупівлі, переривчатістю відновлюваної електрогенерації, тощо. Повномасштабна війна Росії в Україні у 2022 році поставила галузь на межу фізичного та економічного знищення. Сьогодні критично важливим є максимальне збереження і державна підтримка «зелених» енергооб’єктів, а також стимулювання їх відбудови на деокупованих територіях. Поступове зближення «зелених» тарифів зі зростаючими цінами на енергоринку покращує конкурентоспроможність проєктів відновлюваної енергетики, створюючи базу для формування просьюмерів. Для обґрунтування доцільності трансформації вітчизняних енергоспоживачів та економічної конкурентоспроможності «зеленого» енергобізнесу нами проведено інвестиційний аналіз проєкту промислової фотоелектричної сонячної електростанції потужністю 100 кВт, розташованої у Сумській області. Розглядалися 3 варіанти використання виробленої «зеленої» електроенергії: 1) продаж електроенергії за «зеленим» тарифом; 2) часткове споживання виробленої електрики на власні потреби та продаж надлишку за «зеленим» тарифом; 3) споживання виробленої електрики на власні потреби. За чинних ринкових цін на електроенергію і «зеленого» тарифу найкращою опцією є 100%-ве споживання згенерованої електроенергії на власні потреби, тобто перетворення підприємства на просьюмера. Строки окупності за варіантом є довшими на майже 4 місяці, але рентабельність проєкту зростає до 75,8% порівняно з 62,7 та 71,7% за іншими опціями. Отже, існуючі умови енергоринку сприяють формуванню класу просьюмерів в Україні.Item Determining the Optimal Directions of Investment in Regional Renewable Energy Development(MDPI, 2022) Сотник, Ірина Миколаївна; Сотник, Ирина Николаевна; Sotnyk, Iryna Mykolaivna; Курбатова, Тетяна Олександрівна; Курбатова, Татьяна Александровна; Kurbatova, Tetiana Oleksandrivna; Романюк, Ярославна Сергіївна; Романюк, Ярославна Сергеевна; Romaniuk, Yaroslavna Serhiivna; Prokopenko, O.; Gonchar, V.; Sayenko, Y.; Prause, G.; Sapiński, A.The growth of renewable energy facilities worldwide creates new challenges for sustainable regional development. Unregulated investment flows in the green energy sector cause disparities in the deployment of various renewable energy technologies, worsen the ability to balance national energy systems, etc. This article is the first comprehensive study that offers a methodology for multifactor modeling of investment flows in regional green energy deployment considering the priorities of national, regional, and local authorities within the sustainable development concept. The proposed methodological approaches help (1) determine the types of renewable energy technologies for priority development in the region, (2) select specific green energy projects to receive budgetary support on territories, and (3) form the optimal mechanism for budget financing distribution on regional development of renewable energy technologies. The modeling factors include natural conditions and resource base of a territory; its economically feasible renewable energy potential; the territory’s energy needs; installed capacity and electricity generation of new green energy facilities; power plants’ life cycle duration, the investment amount, etc. The model approbation on the example of household solar and wind power plants in the Sumy region, Ukraine, has shown the need to significantly increase financial support for renewable energy projects, primarily due to the region’s energy deficit. Calculations revealed that the interest-free loan share for both technologies should be 2.843 and 2.844 times higher than the basic share of lending (20%). For the 30-kW solar power plant project, the indicator should be 64.67% instead of the basic one of 56.86% for home solar energy facilities. Thus, the methodological approaches presented in the article are new tools that allow territorial authorities to purposefully shape and manage investment flows in the renewable energy sector to ensure sustainable energy development of regions worldwide.Item Energy Security Assessment of Emerging Economies under Global and Local Challenges(MDPI, 2021) Сотник, Ірина Миколаївна; Сотник, Ирина Николаевна; Sotnyk, Iryna Mykolaivna; Курбатова, Тетяна Олександрівна; Курбатова, Татьяна Александровна; Kurbatova, Tetiana Oleksandrivna; Кубатко, Олександр Васильович; Кубатко, Александр Васильевич; Kubatko, Oleksandr Vasylovych; Prokopenko, O.; Prause, G.; Коваленко, Євген Володимирович; Коваленко, Евгений Владимирович; Kovalenko, Yevhen Volodymyrovych; Trypolska, G.; Pysmenna, U.This paper proposes methodological approaches to assessing the impact of renewable energy and energy efficiency development on emerging economies’ energy security. It is suggested to supplement the current methodology for assessing energy security with the decoupling index of the renewable energy financial burden on the state budget, the energy efficiency decoupling index, the households’ energy poverty indicator, the index of capacity development for balancing electricity generation volumes, and the energy fluctuations indicator. These indices provide a comprehensive assessment of energy security under the latest challenges. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic in the Ukrainian energy sector led to the “green and coal paradox”, when the government decided to keep green electricity generation but limit nuclear generation. It required increased flexible capacities (thermal generation) and led to a rise in electricity prices and environmental pollution. Forecasting energy fluctuations with Butterworth filters allows minimizing the risks of maximum peak loads on the grid and timely prevention of emergencies. The energy fluctuations within the 20% range guarantee energy security and optimal energy companies’ operation. It is proposed to smooth out energy consumption fluctuations through green energy development, smart grids formation, energy efficiency improvements, and energy capacities balancing to ensure energy and economic sustainability.Item Improving state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy in Ukraine(Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2021) Prokopenko, O.; Chechel, A.; Сотник, Ірина Миколаївна; Сотник, Ирина Николаевна; Sotnyk, Iryna Mykolaivna; Omelyanenko, V.; Курбатова, Тетяна Олександрівна; Курбатова, Татьяна Александровна; Kurbatova, Tetiana Oleksandrivna; Nych, T.The world prefers to increase energy efficiency and use energy from renewable and alternative sources. Ukraine has chosen the same path. To form recommendations for improving state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy, the authors conducted a thorough analysis of the state of renewable energy in Ukraine and its legislative support. The advantage of the study is the visual presentation of data. Thus, the authors presented and analyzed which energy sources Ukraine uses for its own needs, the essence of the Ukrainian energy balance and its state in 2019. The authors found that the development of renewable energy is one of the “Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine”, which are based on the world. The authors noted the objectives and indicators of the goal, assessed the value of the indicators and found that, even though the goal is one of the most important goals because it is in third place in the number of amendments to existing regulations, there is a lag in plans and more lag on some additional tasks. The authors systematized the legal basis for the functioning of renewable energy and revealed this process’ subject-object relations. The analysis showed that the improvement of state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy should be based on European norms and standards but consider national specifics. The authors proposed and described the principles of improving state support for the sustainable development of renewable energy, which should be based on ensuring the balance of interests of the three main stakeholders of the renewable energy market: the state, energy consumers and investors.Item Development of the US electric car market: macroeconomic determinants and forecasts(Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2020) Сотник, Ірина Миколаївна; Сотник, Ирина Николаевна; Sotnyk, Iryna Mykolaivna; Hulak, D.; Yakushev, O.; Прокопенко, Ольга Володимирівна; Прокопенко, Ольга Владимировна; Prokopenko, Olha Volodymyrivna; Євдокимов, Андрій Валерійович; Евдокимов, Андрей Валерьевич; Yevdokymov, Andrii ValeriiovychСan be explained by the small share of electric cars in the US market. The formed multifactor linear model showed a positive impact of both the country’s GDP growth and electricity consumption increase on the number of electric vehicles sold. However, the rise in household incomes negatively influences market development due to insufficient consumer awareness of the electric transport operation benefits, an underdeveloped network of electric vehicle charging stations, etc. Based on the obtained multifactor model, the authors have built optimistic, optimal and pessimistic scenarios for the US electric vehicle market deployment for the next five years. In order to implement the most favorable scenarios, recommendations for market development factors’ management have been made. The results of the study can be used to improve public policy in the US transport and energy sectors, as well as in other countries to optimize the fuel and energy balance, strengthen the energy independence of states by developing clean transport and adapting the model to national specifics.Item The CO2 Emissions Drivers of Post-Communist Economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia(MDPI, 2020) Li, R.; Jiang, H.; Сотник, Ірина Миколаївна; Сотник, Ирина Николаевна; Sotnyk, Iryna Mykolaivna; Кубатко, Олександр Васильович; Кубатко, Александр Васильевич; Kubatko, Oleksandr Vasylovych; Almashaqbeh, I.Y.A.CO2 emissions have become a key environmental contaminant that is responsible for climate change in general and global warming in particular. Two geographical groups of countries that previously belonged to the former bloc of socialist countries are used for the estimations of CO2 emissions drivers. The research covers such Eastern European countries as Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Russian Federation, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, and Ukraine and such Central Asian states as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan during the period 1996–2018. The main goal of the research is to identify common drivers that determine carbon dioxide emissions in selected states. To control for the time fixed effects (like EU membership), random effect model was used for the analysis of the panel data set. Results: It is found that energy efficiency progress reduces per capita CO2 emissions. Thus, an increase in GDP by 100 USD per one ton of oil equivalent decreases per capita CO2 emissions by 17–64 kg. That is, the more energy-efficient the economy becomes, the less CO2 emissions per capita it produces in a group of selected post-communist economies. Unlike energy efficiency, an increase in GDP per capita by 1000 USD raises CO2 emissions by 260 kg per capita, and the richer the economy becomes, the more CO2 emissions per capita it generates. The increase in life expectancy by one year leads to an increase in CO2 emissions per capita by 200−370 kg, with average values of 260 kg per capita. It was found that an increase in agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector share (as a % of GDP) by one percentage point leads to the decrease in CO2 emissions by 67–200 kg per capita, while an increase in industrial sector share by one percentage point leads to the increase in CO2 per capita emissions by 37–110 kg. Oil prices and foreign direct investment appeared to be statistically insignificant factors in a group of selected post-communist economies. Conclusions: The main policy recommendation is the promotion of energy efficiency policy and the development of green economy sectors. The other measures are the promotion of a less energy-intensive service sector and the modernization of the industrial sector, which is still characterized by high energy and carbon intensity.