Видання зареєстровані авторами шляхом самоархівування
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Item Обмін і репатріація військовополонених інвалідів та хворих на Східному фронті під час Першої світової війни(Державна установа "Інститут всесвітньої історії" Національної академії наук України, 2024) Мінаєва, Т.В.; Власенко, Валерій Миколайович; Vlasenko, Valerii Mykolaiovych; Яковенко, Н.Л.Метою роботи є окреслення процесу обміну та репатріації полонених інвалідів та хворих між Російською імперією, з одного боку, та Центральними державами (Австро-Угорщина й Німеччина), з іншого боку, впродовж 1914-1918 рр. Методологія дослідження передбачає застосування загальнонаукових та історичних принципів та методів наукового дослідження: аналізу і синтезу, проблемно-хронологічного, історичного, історико-генетичного та історико-системного методів. Наукова новизна полягає у зверненні до практично недослідженої в українській історіографії теми, а також уведенні до наукового обігу низки джерел, які у сукупності дозволяють простежити складний процес обміну та репатріації хворих та скалічених бранців під час Першої світової війни. Перспективи подальших студіювань передбачають системне вивчення складного процесу обміну військовополоненими між усіма учасниками протиборчих військово-політичних блоків під час Першої світової війни із залученням широкої джерельної бази. Проведена наукова розвідка дозволяє зробити висновки, що процес обміну та репатріації військовополонених інвалідів та хворих на Східному фронті під час Першої світової війни був досить ситуативним та не організованим належним чином. Критерієм для обміну мав бути стан здоров’я військовополонених, які могли бути репатрійованими додому або інтернованими до нейтральних країн, а відбором та медичним освідченням бранців мали займатися спеціальні змішані лікарські комісії. Незважаючи на розроблені та підписані між Росією, Австро-Угорщиною та Німеччиною угоди, намічені шляхи їхньої реалізації та визначення посередників, які мали сприяти реалізації передбачених заходів, репатріація полонених упродовж 1915-1918 рр. наштовхувалася на низку труднощів, таких як: часта нескоординованість дій; загальна підозрілість і шпигуноманія, притаманні всім протиборчим сторонам; фінансові, транспортні та організаційні труднощі тощо. Хоча у підсумку це і дало доволі скромні результати на фоні загальної чисельності полонених, але, водночас, напрацьований упродовж Першої світової війни досвід заклав основи для подібних практик у наступних воєнних конфліктах.Item Ukrainian Cossack and Noble Family Kostenetsky: the Historiographic and Source Analysis(Cherkas Global University; Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o, 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Зякун, Алла Іванівна; Зякун, Алла Ивановна; Ziakun, Alla Ivanivna; Gut, J.; Polyakova, L.G.The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities for researching the history of the family of the ancient Ukrainian cossack and noble family of the Kostenetsky. Thus, the work has both a historiographical and a source study character. The authors analyzed the developments of scientists of the XIX – early XXI centuries on the specified topic. They are all largely fragmentary. There are no comprehensive studies about the Kostenetsky clan or about its individual representatives. At the same time, there is a large array of published and unpublished historical sources. The most informative of them are archival documents. They are also the least studied by scientists. The overwhelming majority of these documents are kept in the state archives of the Sumy and Chernigov regions, the Institute of Manuscripts of the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I. Vernadsky (Ukraine) and the Russian State Historical Archives (Russia). These documents contain information about personal/family life, education, career of members of the Kostenetsky family. When working with sources on this topic, the need to use a critical method was emphasized. This will make it possible to obtain the most reliable historical data about the representatives of the Kostenetsky family.Item Обзор дореволюционной историографии раскольничества, ересей и сектантства в Российской империи(Cherkas Global University; Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o, 2021) Лебідь, Андрій Євгенійович; Лебедь, Андрей Евгеньевич; Lebid, Andrii Yevheniiovych; Shevchenko, N.A.В статье произведен обзор дореволюционной историографии истории раскольничества, ересей и сектантства в Российской империи. Обозначены актуальность решения проблемы раскола и сект российским правительством. Определены основные классификации всех существовавших на территории российского государства сект: «вредные», «особо вредные», «менее вредные», «изуверские секты». Для более полного понимания поставленной проблемы уточнены понятия раскола, ереси и секты, очень часто используемые как синонимы, но имеющие не только семантические, но и юридические различия в контексте научных дискуссий XIX – начала ХХ вв. Показано, что научные работы дореволюционных авторов зачастую печатались не только в виде монографических исследований, но и очень часто публиковались на страницах православных журналов: «Христианское чтение», «Миссионерское обозрение» и др. Некоторые из них специально издавались как средство противодействия расколу, сектантству и мистицизму. В статье обозначены четыре подхода к классификации всего массива историографического материала по истории раскола и сект в Российской империи: хронологический – для выделения комплекса научных работ, изданных после 1850-х гг.; типологический – для различения направлений и толков в русском расколе, сектантстве и инакомыслии с выделением их специфических и универсальных характеристик; тематический – для обозначения основных направлений и проблем исследования, на которых акцентируют внимание дореволюционные ученые; метод атрибуции – для установления стилистики авторских работ в контексте существовавшей на то время церковной и светской историографии истории раскола, ересей и сектантства.Item The Organization of the Educational Process in Kharkov Imperial University (1835–1863)(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2021) Лебідь, Андрій Євгенійович; Лебедь, Андрей Евгеньевич; Lebid, Andrii Yevheniiovych; Shevchenko, N.A.This paper analyzes ‘The Review of Instruction in Subjects at Kharkov Imperial University’, an official document that regulated the organization of the educational process in Kharkov Imperial University. The work provides an insight into the evolution of modifications to the titles of this historical source for the entire period it was published. It examines the document’s substantive and formal characteristics such as structure, format, and data presentation. A quantitative analysis of data from the document helped establish a list of disciplines and courses taught at the university and measure the weekly academic load of students in Kharkov Imperial University (in hours), which made it possible to also measure this load across terms and for instructors as well. The study helped establish certain distinctive characteristics of the document – more specifically, the fact that it contained recommendations regarding scholarly and scholarlyinstructional study guides that instructors were to use in their work. Such recommendations were eventually replaced with a list of recommended literature for each course taught at the university. The present paper also provides dynamic data on the quantitative composition of the teaching workforce in each specific department. The authors established the scholarly-pedagogical potential of Kharkov Imperial University in the period between Nicholas’s University Statute of 1835 and Alexander’s University Statute of 1863. It was established that, in addition to their primary duties at the university, professors also gave public lectures, which had them adapting their courses to the needs and interests of the public. As a rule, giving public lectures was not a burden on instructors, as it was voluntary in nature.Among other matters, the authors researched the nonacademic component of university education – more specifically, the teaching of the “pleasing arts”. Based on this, a conclusion was drawn that the model of higher education in the Russian Empire in the 19th century was focused on the all-round development of a person.Item Schools for Training Future Clerical Employees in the Russian Empire: Professional Staff and Characteristics of the Learning Process(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Назаров, Микола Сергiйович; Назаров, Николай Сергеевич; Nazarov, Mykola Serhiiovych; Polyakova, L.G.As the bureaucratic apparatus burgeoned in the Russian Empire, an urgent need arose to provide it with professional personnel. The government made a series of attempts to address the issue since the early 19th century. One effort comprised the organization of clerical workforce schools. The institutions were expected to staff various levels of numerous government bodies with properly trained clerks. In the paper, the authors adopted a comprehensive approach to highlight activities of schools for potential clerks. In particular, our study focused on the staff, financing policies in the educational institutions, functions performed by the management in the schools and supervisory bodies and learning process organization. With a variety of research works and sources reviewed, the authors can conclude that, in the environment of the ever growing functional and structural complexity of the bureaucratic apparatus in the Russian Empire, schools for future clerks considerably drove the development of professional qualities required in employees of the state bureaucracy. It was these educational institutions that to a large extend helped set up a flow of junior professional clerks to government agencies and authorities.Item Representatives of the Unprivileged Social Groups of the Former Hetmanate on Public Service of the Russian Empire (on the example of the Peasant-Cossack Kunits Family)(Cherkas Global University; Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o, 2021) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Назаров, Микола Сергiйович; Назаров, Николай Сергеевич; Nazarov, Mykola Serhiiovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.Based on archival materials and other documentary sources, the authors studied the history of the little-known Ukrainian peasant-cossack Kunits family, who lived on the territory of the Konotop Cossack Hundred of the Hetmanate (eventually – Konotopsky uyezd of Chernihiv province). It was found out that the representatives of this family were peasants at the beginning of the XVIII century, but over time, probably, they were able to pass into the cossack state. After the final incorporation of the Hetmanate into the empire, the russian government made active attempts to reformat the social structure of the population of Ukraine on the russian model. A large stratum of Cossacks was dissolved in almost all social groups. But many of its representatives were given the opportunity to serve in state institutions in lower positions. A large number of cossacks took advantage of this. This gave them the opportunity to occupy a relatively comfortable niche in the social structure of the Russian Empire. The representatives of the Kunits family clearly illustrate this. According to the authors, the reconstruction of biographies of ordinary representatives of society, including small officials, makes it possible to more objectively assess certain historical phenomena and processes. In this case, some aspects of the development of the bureaucratic apparatus in the Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire at the end of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries are clarified.Item Особенности приобретения дворянства слободской украинской казацкой старшиной в конце XVIII века(Cherkas Global University; Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Mikhaylichenko, M.A.; Polyakova, L.G.В статье проанализированы особенности приобретения прав российского дворянства слободской казацкой старшиной в первое десятилетие после издания «Жалованной грамоты дворянству» 1785 г. Рассмотрены наиболее распространенные среди слободской старшины алгоритмы доказательства дворянства. Указаны специфические черты нобилитационного процесса на территории бывших слободских казацких полков, отличавшие его от аналогичных процессов на землях бывшей Гетманщины. В основу работы легли рукописные источники, хранящиеся в фондах Центрального государственного исторического архива в г. Киеве, Государственного архива Харьковской области, Центральной научной библиотеки Харьковского национального университета имени В.Н. Каразина. Особое внимание было уделено изучению родословной дворянской книги Харьковского наместничества. Анализ источников подтверждает, что для обладателей казацких рангов от сотника и выше получить права российского дворянства не составляло труда. Этим воспользовались многие представители бывшей казацкой старшины и их потомки. Авторы выделили специфическую черту нобилитации бывшей казацкой старшины Слободской Украины. Здесь представители казацкостаршинских родов, доказывая свои права на потомственное дворянство, редко апеллировали к польскому шляхетскому происхождению. Такой способ доказать свое благородное происхождение был более характерен для казацкой элиты бывшей Гетманщины.Item The Institution of Honorary Supervisors in the System of Public Education of the Russian Empire in the First Half of the 19th Century (The Case of the Kharkov Educational District): Duties, Career, Social Status, and Education Level. Part 2(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Stepanova, D.I.In this work, the authors continue to explore the institution of honorary supervisors in the system of public education of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century. Based on data from various related publications and archival materials, the authors have analyzed the dynamics of change in the number of honorary supervisors in schools within the Kharkov Educational District at the time. During the period under review, the number of this type of functionaries grew steadily, which attests to the high popularity of the post of honorary supervisor among the nobility. While it did not profit those who held it financially, the post could help raise their social status significantly. It is difficult to establish the educational level of honorary supervisors, as service records did not always reflect this. At the same time, serving as an honorary supervisor involved active engagement in official correspondence with local authorities, the university senior management, etc. This suggests that the overwhelming majority of honorary supervisors in the Russian Empire did have an education. The authors are convinced that further research into the institution of honorary supervisors and practices related to the institution of trusteeship within in the system of public education of the Russian Empire remains a relevant and promising line of research. It can offer valuable insights into the advisability of implementing some of the more effective elements of said practices in the present-day education system.Item The Institution of Honorary Supervisors in the System of Public Education of the Russian Empire in the First Half of the 19th Century (The Case of the Kharkov Educational District): Duties, Career, Social Status, and Education Level. Part 1(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Polyakova, L.G.This paper offers an insight into some of the key practices associated with the operation of the institution of honorary supervisors in the system of public education of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century. Only a member of the noble estate could be an honorary supervisor. These functionaries were an important part of the empire’s public education system. They oversaw the work of uyezd (district) schools and provided them with financial assistance. Honorary supervisors were not salaried but could be awarded a high title and receive a major state award for their efforts, which could significantly raise their social status. Honorary supervisors had a wide purview over the operation of the schools they oversaw. They took part in resolving facilities issues and attended examinations and monthly teacher meetings. These functionaries could also petition senior management for the remuneration or punishment of particular school functionaries. Conversely, honorary supervisors with a negligent attitude toward their duties could legitimately face dismissal by the university administration.Item The Social Background of Functionaries in the Russian Empire’s Public Education Sector in the First Half of the 19th century: The Case of the Ukrainian Governorates(Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o., 2020) Дегтярьов, Сергій Іванович; Дегтярев, Сергей Иванович; Dehtiarov, Serhii Ivanovych; Polyakova, L.G.; Gut, J.This paper is focused on a specific component of the bureaucratic apparatus in the Russian Empire – educational functionaries. More specifically, the work explores the social background of educational functionaries in the Ukrainian lands in the first half of the 19th century. The authors composed data samples on Taurida, Volhynian, and Poltava Governorates covering the years 1830 and 1850. Use was made of a body of little-known archival documentation from the State Archive of Kharkov Oblast and the Central State Archive of Ukraine in Kiev. The authors explored the regional characteristics of the way educational institutions in rightbank, leftbank, and southern Ukrainian governorates were staffed with functionaries. The work attempted to determine how the areas’ numbers of members of the various social groups in pedagogical service correlate with each other. It was found that, despite the low popularity of pedagogical service among the nobility, there were quite many members of this estate serving in the public education sector. However, due to a major need for teacher functionaries the government had to express a favorable attitude toward the hiring of members of other social groups willing to serve in educational institutions across the Russian Empire. This explains the significant number of members of the lower estates employed in the sector as well.
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