Причины самовольных уходов учащихся из учебных заведений системы трудовых резервов Украины в восстановительный период (1943-1950 гг.)

Abstract

Статья посвящена исследованию явления самовольных уходов учащихся из учебных заведений трудовых резервов. Автор анализирует особенности повседневной жизни ученического контингента на основе документов украинских архивов и материалов устной истории. Были изучены причины побегов и сделана попытка их классификации. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36679

The article investigates the phenomenon of students’ illegal flights from Labour Reserves institutions in 1943–1950. The author analyses the features of student contingent everyday life on the basis of Ukrainian archives documents and oral history materials. Soviet Labour Reserves system provided a vocational training to replenish the collectives of strategic sectors enterprises of the Soviet economy. A specific feature of this structure was the using of forced youth recruitment and the assignment the mobilized status to all students (both attracted by force, and volunteers). The punishment for an unauthorized leaving a factory training school or a vocational school was imprisonment of up to 1 year. Despite this, during the Restoration period, tens of thousands of students escaped from Labour Reserves institutions in Ukraine. Causes of escapes were studied and an attempt to classify them was made in the paper. The author distinguishes 4 groups of reasons: 1) Reasons connected with deficiencies of material provision and poor living conditions of students; 2) Reasons connected with the peculiarities of the Soviet mobilization policies and problems of state bodies and institutions functioning, including Labour Reserves system; 3) Reasons related to the conflict among the youths (informal groups confrontation, fighting, violence); 4) Internal students reasons of age, psychological, moral, traditional, cultural and social prestige nature. The influence of all of the above factors groups must be considered cumulatively. Escapes from Labour Reserves were a phenomenon that in most cases reflects well-being level of various educational institutions as an indicator. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36679