Дослідження закономірностей і механізмів формування тонких модифікованих шарів у сталях при іонно-плазмовому азотуванні

Abstract

В роботі було досліджено вплив тонких модифікованих шарів у сталях Р6М5 та Р6М5К5 при іонно-плазмовому азотуванні, проаналізовано структурно-фазовий склад покриттів залежно від умов отримання, визначено основні властивості покриттів після іонно-плазмового азотування, охарактеризовано передумови і можливості застосування тонких модифікованих нітридних покриттів. Дослідження дозволило розширити розуміння процесів формування тонких модифікованих шарів у сталей Р6М5 і Р6M5К5 під час іонно-плазмового азотування, що відкриває перспективи для подальших досліджень у цій області з метою оптимізації технологій обробки сталей для підвищення їхньої міцності та зносостійкості. Детальне вивчення процесів формування модифікованих шарів та властивостей матеріалів покриттів дозволить подальшу оптимізацію технологічних процесів і покращення якості кінцевих продуктів з використанням сталей Р6М5 і Р6M5К5. Дані дослідження можуть слугувати основою для подальших досліджень у галузі покращення металевих виробів та розвитку високоефективних інноваційних технологій. Це може знайти практичне застосування в різних промислових секторах, де вимагаються високоякісні матеріали з покращеними властивостями.

The successful application of ion nitriding in various industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical and tool manufacturing confirms its importance in ensuring high quality, reliability and long service life of metal products. Ion plasma nitriding is an advanced technology of surface hardening of steels. Compared to other methods of chemical and thermal treatment, ion technologies make it possible to solve the problems of strengthening parts and tools at a fundamentally new technical level. Relevance of research. The research is important in solving the problem of improving the mechanical and tribological properties of high-speed tool steels P6M5 and P6M5K5 through the optimization of the process of ion-plasma nitriding and diffusion-controlled structural-phase transformations. This can find practical applications in various industrial sectors where high-quality materials with improved properties are required. This research is also important for expanding the scientific understanding of the processes that occur during ion-plasma nitriding of steels and their influence on the properties of materials. The results of this work can find practical application in improving processing technologies and improving the characteristics of steel materials for a wide range of industrial applications. The object of research is thin modified layers on P6M5 and P6M5K5 steels obtained by ion-plasma nitriding. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the process of forming thin modified layers on P6M5 and P6M5K5 steels during ion-plasma nitriding. The purpose of the work is to study the features of structural and phase formation of high-speed steels during ion-plasma nitriding to determine the modes of surface treatment, which ensures increased durability of the tool. To achieve the goal of the research, the following tasks must be solved: - to study the formation processes of thin modified layers in P6M5 and P6M5K5 steels during ion-plasma nitriding; - conduct an analysis of structural and phase transformations in steels during ion-plasma nitriding; - evaluate the influence of the structural phase state of the modified layers on the mechanical and tribological properties of P6M5 and P6M5K5 steel. Research methods. The research uses the following methods of structure analysis, including metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction and X-ray structural analysis, surface microscopy, microhardness measurement, mechanical and tribological properties of the obtained layers. The scientific novelty consists in the following. Studies have shown that the optimal thickness of the coating is about 25-40 microns, which provides the necessary resistance to wear. Analysis of the microstructure showed a uniform structure of the coating without detected defects, which confirms the high quality of the obtained layers. After ion-plasma nitriding, the surface microhardness of P6M5 and P6M5K5 steels increases to 10-12 GPa. The main factor affecting the increase in the microhardness of P6M5 and P6M5K5 steels is the formation of nitrogenous martensite and dispersed nitride Fe4N (γ′-phase), as well as the formation of finely dispersed inclusions of strengthening phases in the surface layers. The scientific novelty of the obtained results: 1. The study of the mechanisms of formation of thin modified layers in steels during ion-plasma nitriding is of important practical importance for solving the problems of wear, corrosion and other aspects of operation of steel structures, especially in aggressive environments. 2. Studies have shown that the optimal thickness of the coating is about 25-40 microns, which provides the necessary strength and resistance to wear. Analysis of the microstructure showed a uniform structure of the coating without detected defects, which confirms the high quality of the obtained layers. After ion-plasma nitriding of the surface of P6M5 and P6M5K5 steels, the microhardness of its surface layer increases and reached 10-12 GPa. The main factor affecting the increase in the microhardness of P6M5 and P6M5K5 steels is the formation of nitrogenous martensite and dispersed nitride Fe4N (γ′-phase), as well as the formation of finely dispersed inclusions of strengthening phases in the surface layers. 3. The obtained results indicate the high resistance of the coating to friction and wear, which makes it effective in demanding operating conditions. The nitrided surface of the tool, which has a reduced coefficient of friction and improved anti-friction properties, ensures easier chip removal, and also prevents it from sticking to the cutting edges and the formation of hole wear, which makes it possible to increase the feed and cutting speed.