Злочини у сфері банківської діяльності

Abstract

У статті розглядаються злочини, які є найбільш поширеними у банківській сфері. Наводиться класифікація таких посягань з урахуванням суб’єктів їх вчинення. Розглядаються деякі способи, які практикуються злочинцями при викраденні грошових коштів із пластикових карток громадян. Наводяться пропозиції щодо запобігання таким злочинам.В статье рассматриваются преступления, которые являются наиболее распространенными в банковской среде. Приводится классификация таких посягательств с учетом субъектов их совершения. Рассматриваются некоторые способы, которые практикуются преступниками при хищении денежных средств с пластиковых карт граждан. Приводятся предложения по предотвращению таких преступлений.The article deals with the crimes, widely spread in the banking sphere. A classification of such infringements with regard to the subjects of their commission is given. According to the classification different persons (not officials of the bank establishment) can commit such crimes. Among such violations they distinguish: fraud; infliction of property damage by deceit or breach of confidence; making, storage, purchase, transportation, mailing, or bringing into Ukraine for selling purposes, or sale of counterfeit money, government securities or state lottery tickets; illegal actions in respect of remittance documents, payment cards and other means providing access to bank accounts, and equipment for their production; financial fraud; forgery in office. The classification also prescribes the cases when the officials of the bank establishment commit crimes. Among such crimes: misappropriation, embezzlement or conversion or property by malversation; legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained money and other property; financial fraud; disclosure of commercial and bank secrets; stealing, appropriation, extortion of computer information or acquisition of such information by fraud or abuse of office; violation of rules related to the operation of computer systems; forgery in office; taking a bribe. The third point of the classification prescribes the cases when organized groups consisting of the officials of the bank establishment and other persons commit crimes. Among such violations: fraud; willful interference with the operation of computers, computer systems and networks and so on. Some methods that are practiced by criminals with the theft of cash from plastic cards of the citizens are discussed. The proposals for the prevention of such crimes are presented.