Is Wheat Self-Sufficiency in Algeria, a Myth?

Abstract

Algeria is one of the largest wheat importers in the world. Despite the importance of this staple food for the population, the country remains heavily dependent on imports due to its inability to produce enough wheat to meet its own needs. With a focus on food sovereignty, this paper aims to explore the feasibility of achieving wheat self-sufficiency in Algeria. A historical review of the trends in wheat production, import, and consumption from 2001 to 2018 was conducted to understand the dynamics of the wheat market in Algeria. The review reveals that despite government efforts to increase wheat production, it has remained sluggish, while consumption has continued to grow rapidly. The widening gap between these two magnitudes is a reflection of the country's inability to achieve self-sufficiency in wheat. The wheat self-sufficiency rate is calculated as the ratio of wheat production to consumption, and the findings of this study indicate that this rate is unlikely to reach the value of 1, which means that self-sufficiency in wheat remains an elusive goal for Algeria. The slow growth of wheat production and the rapid increase in consumption highlight the need for a more comprehensive approach to addressing the wheat self-sufficiency challenge in Algeria, which would involve improving agricultural policies and practices, increasing investment in the sector, and promoting technological advancements. In conclusion, this paper highlights the critical need for Algeria to prioritize the development of its agricultural sector, specifically its wheat production, to achieve food sovereignty and reduce its dependence on imports. The study provides valuable insights into the challenges and limitations of achieving wheat self-sufficiency in Algeria and offers recommendations for future action to address these challenges.