Магічне мислення як інструмент маніпуляції в медіапросторі. Добірка журналістських матеріалів

Abstract

Кваліфікаційна робота присвячена створенню добірки авторських журналістських матеріалів, у яких висвітлюються проблеми толерування магічного мислення у журналістських матеріалах. У роботі розглядаються теоретичні та практичні аспекти використання явища українськими медіа. Аналізуються як причини, так і наслідки створення езотеричного контенту редакціями. Особливу увагу приділено етичним викликам та питанням безпеки громадян та самої держави. У роботі наведено приклади непрофесійних матеріалів, які порушують низку журналістських стандартів, та запропоновано власний доробок, де розкривається проблематика. Визначено, що магічне мислення має не лише негативний вплив, а й сприяє розвитку людини на певному етапі життя. Робота містить посилання на 28 джерел. Обсяг роботи складає 38 сторінок. Актуальність теми зумовлена перенасиченням медіапростору країни матеріалами, які толерують повсякденне використання магічного мислення під час прийняття важливих рішень. Особливо гостро проблема постала під час початку повномасштабного вторгнення росії на територію України. Сфера застосування інформаційного продукту – поширення матеріалів у мережі Інтернет на різноманітних мультимедійних платформах.

It is characteristic of people to look for explanations for everything: by creating cause-and-effect relationships, we better understand the world and adapt to the environment. Even in primitive times, such a habit contributed to the survival of humanity. Today, it focuses more on comfort and development. Unfortunately, not all phenomena in the world have a logical explanation. Most people tend to believe that everything in the world happens to them “for something”. Usually, there is some truth in this: the water supply in the house was turned off due to non-payment of bills, and the phone broke because it was thrown out of anger yesterday. However, some things do not depend on a person directly. In times of disasters and wars, people often face complex existential questions such as: “Will it fly to my house today?”, “Will they occupy my hometown?” or “How to build my life in the future?”. Not having rational answers, they turn to irrational explanations. After all, as noted earlier, it is human nature to look for explanations for everything. Therefore, it is not surprising that most people turn to magical thinking. Sensing the demand for such a “product”, the media are happy to create content. Because such materials are well-read, they positively affect the traffic to the publication’s website. However, under magical thinking, people often stop perceiving reality and begin to act illogically, unknowingly putting their lives in danger. So, the qualification work is devoted to creating a selection of authorial journalistic materials that highlight the problems of tolerating magical thinking in journalistic materials. The work examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of the phenomenon by Ukrainian media. The causes and consequences of editorial offices creating esoteric content are analyzed. The topic's relevance is due to the oversaturation of the country's media space with materials that tolerate the everyday use of magical thinking when making 4 important decisions. The problem became especially acute at the beginning of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The scope of application of the information product is distributing materials on the Internet on various multimedia platforms. After all, it is important for modern media professionals not only to understand the principles of the functioning of magical thinking, but also to highlight various aspects of the development and application of this phenomenon, to explain to the general public the features of this type of thinking, to focus on the danger and violation of journalistic standards. The author's idea of the information product on the topic "Magical thinking as a tool of manipulation in the media space" is to create a few multimedia materials that explore the basics of magical thinking and the causes and consequences of its use in the present. In addition, both the negative and positive impacts of the phenomenon in human life are considered. One of the key aspects of the work is the consideration of ethical and social problems that arise in using magical thinking in the media sphere. The practical significance lies in demonstrating the problem of using magical thinking in the media space. The work also presents helpful tips formed based on analyzed materials that will help you learn to distinguish manipulative aspects associated with magical thinking in journalistic texts. During the work, a literature review was carried out that covers the main theoretical aspects of the concept of "magical thinking". Special attention was paid to the study of journalistic esoteric materials created after the start of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. It turned out that many domestic media began to speculate on trigger topics. Magical thinking began to be observed not only in entertainment columns but also in news materials. An important aspect of the work was the analysis of opinion leaders' discussions, their attitude to tolerating esoteric content, and the consequences of using such information in the long term. The work consists of an explanatory note, information products, which present various formats of text and video materials, as well as infographics, conclusions, a list of sources used (28 items), and appendices. The total volume of the work is 38 pages.